PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lisanne L Blauw
AU  - N Ahmad Aziz
AU  - Martijn R Tannemaat
AU  - C Alexander Blauw
AU  - Anton J de Craen
AU  - Hanno Pijl
AU  - Patrick C N Rensen
TI  - Diabetes incidence and glucose intolerance prevalence increase with higher outdoor temperature
AID  - 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000317
DP  - 2017 Feb 01
TA  - BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
PG  - e000317
VI  - 5
IP  - 1
4099  - http://drc.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000317.short
4100  - http://drc.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000317.full
SO  - BMJ Open Diab Res Care2017 Feb 01; 5
AB  - Objective Rising global temperatures might contribute to the current worldwide diabetes epidemic, as higher ambient temperature can negatively impact glucose metabolism via a reduction in brown adipose tissue activity. Therefore, we examined the association between outdoor temperature and diabetes incidence in the USA as well as the prevalence of glucose intolerance worldwide.Research design and methods Using meta-regression, we determined the association between mean annual temperature and diabetes incidence during 1996–2009 for each US state separately. Subsequently, results were pooled in a meta-analysis. On a global scale, we performed a meta-regression analysis to assess the association between mean annual temperature and the prevalence of glucose intolerance.Results We demonstrated that, on average, per 1°C increase in temperature, age-adjusted diabetes incidence increased with 0.314 (95% CI 0.194 to 0.434) per 1000. Similarly, the worldwide prevalence of glucose intolerance increased by 0.170% (95% CI 0.107% to 0.234%) per 1°C rise in temperature. These associations persisted after adjustment for obesity.Conclusions Our findings indicate that the diabetes incidence rate in the USA and prevalence of glucose intolerance worldwide increase with higher outdoor temperature.