25(OH)D <30 ng/mL | 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
N | 539 | 176 | – |
Sex (M/F) | 212/327 | 63/113 | 0.228 |
Age (years) | 67±13 | 73±9 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.1±8.1 | 28.7±5.9 | <0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 10±10 | 11±10 | 0.185 |
Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 138.4±19.1 | 137.7±18.1 | 0.683 |
Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 81.1±11.1 | 78.6±9.5 | 0.005 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.6±1.8 | 7.4±1.3 | 0.114 |
e-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 75.6±24.1 | 73.3±17.6 | 0.220 |
Uric acid (mmol/L) | 0.43±0.7 | 0.45±0.8 | 0.845 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3±0.5 | 1.4±0.5 | 0.097 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.6±0.8 | 2.8±0.8 | 0.043 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.7±0.9 | 1.5±0.8 | 0.010 |
TG/HDL-C ratio | 1.5±1.2 | 1.2±0.9 | 0.010 |
Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 63.2±53.5 | 42.2±41.0 | 0.002 |
Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.3±0.5 | 9.3±0.8 | 0.781 |
Retinopathy, any degree (%) | 34% | 24% | 0.018 |
Nephropathy (%) | 64% | 53% | 0.020 |
Abnormal albuminuria (%) | 27% | 15% | 0.048 |
e-GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (%) | 25% | 22% | 0.287 |
Continuous variables are reported as means±SD, and categorical variables as absolute or relative frequencies. Two tails Student t test or χ2 test have been employed to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; e-GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; F, female; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M, male; TG, triglycerides.