Effect of vitamin D supplementation* on markers of glucose metabolism, serum lipids, and body mass index
| Baseline‡ | After 16 weeks‡ | Change from baseline to 16 weeks‡ | Difference (95% CI) compared to placebo† | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S-25(OHD) (nmol/L) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 28.7 (18.6) | 48.8 (19.6) | 20.1 (21.7) | 21.3 (16.7 to 26.0) | <0.0001 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 29.2 (15.6) | 27.5 (13.7) | −1.5 (11.3) | ||
| HbA1c (%)§ | |||||
| Intervention (n=139) | 5.65 (0.6) | 5.68 (0.7) | 0.03 (0.17) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 0.7 |
| Placebo (n=70) | 5.52 (0.4) | 5.52 (0.5) | 0.01 (0.18) | ||
| S-fructosamine (µmol/L) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 251 (45.9) | 249.5 (58.4) | −1.1 (27.6) | 1.7 (−5.3 to 8.7) | 0.6 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 245 (30.8) | 242.8 (29.9) | −3.2 (16.5) | ||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.8) | −0.1 (0.5) | −0.03 (−0.17 to 0.12) | 0.7 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 4.9 (0.9) | 4.8 (0.8) | −0.1 (0.5) | ||
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.8) | −0.06 (0.4) | −0.01 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.9 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.8) | −0.05 (0.5) | ||
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.37 (0.3) | −0.01 (0.2) | −0.002 (−0.05 to 0.05) | 0.9 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.39 (0.3) | −0.02 (0.2) | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.8) | −0.18 (0.9) | 0.03 (−0.2 to 0.20) | 0.7 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.3 (0.7) | −0.16 (0.9) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Intervention (n=143) | 26.9 (4.9) | 26.9 (5.1) | −0.03 (0.6) | −0.05 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 0.6 |
| Placebo (n=71) | 28.1 (5.2) | 28.1 (5.2) | 0.02 (0.7) | ||
*Combined 10 and 25 µg doses of vitamin D.
†Adjusted for baseline values.
‡Data are mean (SD) unless specified otherwise.
§N=209. Five participants had insufficient amount of blood for HbA1c measurements. The mean age of these was 32 years and the s-25(OH)D was 36.4 nmol/L (16.7), three persons were in the 10 µg group while the others were in the two other groups each.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; S-25(OH)D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.