Participant characteristics
| Variable | Overweight control (n=28) | Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (n=26) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of T2DM, years (SD) | NA | 5.1 (5.0) | NA |
| Age, years (SD) | 59.8 (5.8) | 59.3 (5.7) | 0.39 |
| Ethnicity, n (% Hispanic) | 1 (4) | 3 (12) | 0.34 |
| Race, n (% Caucasian) | 27 (96) | 18 (67) | 0.01 |
| Hypothesized physiological RPE predictors | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 30.1 (2.8) | 31.3 (3.9) | 0.25 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) | 4.0 (1.9) | 6.7 (4.6) | 0.01 |
| HTN prevalence (%) | 46 | 50 | 0.99 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 9.2 (0.7) | 9.9 (0.8) | 0.06 |
| Reported usual physical activity, MET h/week (SD) | 222 (35) | 231 (25) | 0.32 |
| VO2peak (mL/min) | 1470 (286) | 1313 (244) | 0.02 |
| VO2peak (mL/kg/min) | 17.8 (3.0) | 15.4 (2.5) | 0.003 |
| Work rate during 35% VO2peak (SD) | 43.5 (7.7) | 35.9 (7.1) | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate during 8 min of exercise at 30 W (bpm) | 91 (2) | 102 (2) | 0.002 |
| Heart rate during 8 min of exercise at 35% VO2peak | 98 (3) | 105 (3) | 0.04 |
| Resting lactate concentrations (mmol/L) | 0.39 (0.03) | 0.65 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
| Lactate during 8 min of exercise at 30 W (mmol/L) | 0.76 (0.10) | 1.18 (0.10) | 0.004 |
| Lactate at 8 min at 35% VO2peak (mmol/L) | 0.99 (0.10) | 1.28 (0.10) | 0.047 |
| τ2 at 30 W | 39.2 (13) | 36.2 (9.1) | 0.34 |
| τ2 at 35% VO2peak | 38.6 (12.2) | 38.5 (10.2) | 0.98 |
| Hypothesized behavioral RPE predictors | |||
| Depressive symptoms | |||
| CES-D | 11.4 (3.7) | 11.7 (5.6) | 0.77 |
| PHQ-9 | 3.3 (3.3) | 3.2 (3.2) | 0.96 |
| Self-efficacy scores | |||
| Endurance self-efficacy | 746 (359) | 739 (264) | 0.94 |
| Lorig self-efficacy | 481 (95) | 479 (94) | 0.92 |
| Sallis self-efficacy | 45 (8) | 47 (8) | 0.23 |
Data expressed as mean (SE) for heart rate, lactate; data expressed as mean (SD) for all other continuous variables.
Missing data for <10% of participants with the exception of pulse wave velocity where we are missing 40% of data for each study group.
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HTN, hypertension; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.