Baseline and clinical characteristics of the study cohorts
| Variable | Preimplementation cohort (n=35 513) | Postimplementation cohort (n=25 779) | Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.1±12.9 | 63.3±12.7 | 0.23 (0.02 to 0.43) |
| Male sex | 18 822 (53%) | 153 921 (54%) | 1.0 (1.8 to 0.20) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 7103 (20%) | 5929 (23%) | 3.0 (3.6 to 2.3) |
| Black race | 11 009 (31%) | 7476 (29%) | −2 (−1.26 to −2.75) |
| White race | 21 663 (61%) | 17 272 (67%) | 6 (6.76 to 5.24) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4±8.2 | 30.1±8.0 | 0.77 (0.64 to 0.90) |
| Predialysis systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 150.7±19.4 | 150.8±19.1 | 0.11 (−0.20 to 0.42) |
| Predialysis diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76.0±11.4 | 76.3±11.4 | 0.34 (0.15 to 0.52) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.47±0.43 | 3.50±0.42 | 0.02 (0.02 to 0.03) |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.69±0.61 | 8.68±0.60 | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.00) |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.92±1.18 | 4.92±1.10 | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.7±1.2 | 11.3±1.1 | −0.41 (−0.43 to −0.39) |
| Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 154.6±45.8 | 149.7±45.4 | −4.87 (−5.73 to −4.01) |
| Central venous catheter | 26 280 (74%) | 18 560 (72%) | −2.0 (−1.28 to −2.70) |
| Interdialytic weight gain (kg) | 2.46±0.92 | 2.25±0.87 | −0.21 (−0.22 to −0.20) |
| Equilibrated Kt/V | 1.35±0.34 | 1.47±0.38 | 0.12 (0.12 to 0.13) |
| Hemodialysis treatment time (minutes) | 218.7±23.1 | 223.3±21.7 | 5.54 (5.18 to 5.90) |
| enPCR (g/kg BW/day) | 0.77±0.22 | 0.81±0.24 | 0.04 (0.04 to 0.04) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5682 (16%) | 4382 (17%) | 1.00 (1.61 to 040) |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 654 (30%) | 8507 (33%) | 2.99 (3.76 to 2.26) |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias | 3551 (10%) | 2836 (11%) | 1.00 (1.49 to 0.51) |
| Hypertension | 22 018 (62%) | 18 561 (72%) | 10.00 (10.75 to 9.26) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 9233 (26%) | 7218 (28%) | 2.00 (2.71 to 1.29) |
| Myocardial infarction | 1421 (4%) | 1031 (4%) | 0.00 (0.32 to −0.31) |
| Infection | 3196 (9%) | 2062 (8%) | −1.00 (−0.55 to −1.45) |
BW, body weight; enPCR, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate.