Association of the HLA DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes compared between anti-GAD-negative and anti-GAD-positive persistently non-diabetic individuals in HUNT2
| Haplotype 1 | Haplotype 2 | Anti-GAD | OR (95% CI) | p Value‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HLA DQA1-DQB1 | HLA DQA1-DQB1 | Negative N=151 | Positive N=75 | |||
| Very high risk | 0301–0302 | 0501–0201 | 3 (2.0) | 8 (10.7) | 9.57 (2.16 to 42.16) | <0.01 |
| High risk | 0301–0302 0501–0201 X*-0302 | Z† Z X-X | 61 (40.4) | 37 (49.3) | 2.21 (1.02 to 4.77) | 0.04 |
| Neutral | X-X | X-X | 45 (29.8) | 18 (24.0) | 1.46 (0.62 to 3.40) | 0.39 |
| Strong protective | X-0602 X-0602 X-0602 X-0603 X-0603 X-0603 | X-0603 X-0302 X-X X-0602 X-0302 X-X | 42 (27.8) | 12 (16.0) | 1.00 | |
Data are given as numbers (%).
*X means a non-defined allele, but does not exclude potential homozygosity.
†Z means any haplotype, defined and non-defined, except DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 and DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201; however, it does not exclude potential homozygosity.
‡p Value calculated from logistic regression, corrected for age and BMI at HUNT2, sex, and first-degree family history of diabetes.
BMI, body mass index; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase.