CC (n=20) | CT (n=20) | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basal | Clamp | Basal | Clamp | ||
Indirect calorimetry | |||||
Respiratory quotient | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.83) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) | 0.82 (0.80 to 0.84) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) | <0.01*/0.24†/0.39‡ |
Energy expenditure (kcal/24 h) | 1617 (1555 to 1679) | 1713 (1650 to 1776) | 1675 (1581 to 1769) | 1721 (1637 to 1804) | <0.01*/0.29†/0.12‡ |
Glucose oxidation (mg/kg/min) | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.32) | 2.46 (2.15 to 2.79) | 1.28 (0.98 to 1.59) | 2.46 (2.16 to 2.76) | <0.01*/0.49†/0.32‡ |
Protein oxidation (mg/kg/min) | 0.49 (0.39 to 0.59) | 0.45 (0.35 to 0.56) | 0.55 (0.40 to 0.70) | 0.65 (0.52 to 0.79) | 0.65*/0.56†/0.11‡ |
Lipid oxidation (mg/kg/min) | 0.81 (0.69 to 0.93) | 0.33 (0.22 to 0.44) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.91) | 0.26 (0.16 to 0.37) | <0.01*/0.20†/0.77‡ |
Forearm glucose uptake (mmol/100 mL/min)/103 | 0.27 (0.18 to 0.36) | 2.43 (1.75 to 3.12) | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.20) | 2.37 (1.38 to 3.35) | <0.01*/0.01†/0.86‡ |
FFA (mmol/L) | |||||
FFA, arterial | 1.07 (0.90 to 1.25) | 0.06 (0.04 to 0.07) | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.1) | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.08) | <0.01*/0.32†/0.29‡ |
FFA, venous | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.21) | 0.06 (0.04 to 0.07) | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.13) | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.09) | <0.01*/0.39†/0.33‡ |
Endogenous glucose production (mg/kg/min) | 1.72 (1.35 to 1.84) | – | 1.62 (1.43 to 2.05) | – | 0.94† |
Palmitate flux (µmol/min) | 173 (145 to 201) | – | 182 (151 to 213) | – | 0.80† |
Forearm palmitate kinetics (µmol/100 mL/min) | |||||
Palmitate uptake | 0.080 (0.063 to 0.098) | – | 0.073 (0.058 to 0.088) | – | 0.53† |
Palmitate net release | 0.0006 (−0.024 to 0.015) | – | −0.011 (−0.028 to 0.005) | – | 0.53† |
Palmitate release | 0.0734 (0.053 to 0.108) | – | 0.057 (0.034 to 0.112) | – | 0.20† |
Miscellaneous | |||||
Glucagon (pg/mL) | 48.9 (40.7 to 57.1) | 35.0 (27.0) | 49.5 (41.9 to 57.0) | 34.8 (29.2 to 40.4) | <0.01*/0.84†/0.83‡ |
Adiponectin (mg/L) | 9.5 (7.7 to 11.3) | 8.5 (6.9 to 10.0) | 0.37† | ||
Procalcitonin (μg/L) | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.04) | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.04) | 0.95¶ | ||
Osteoprotegrin (pg/mL) | 669 (550 to 948) | 758 (566 to 878) | 0.75§ | ||
Cortisol (ng/mL) | 66 (52 to 91) | 66 (52 to 85) | 0.71¶ | ||
HsCRP (mg/L) | 1.35 (0.39 to 3.63) | 1.24 (0.66 to 2.96) | 0.91§ | ||
Mannan-binding lectin (nm/mL) | 1084 (355 to 1400) | 404 (161 to 1874) | 0.59¶ |
Mean and 95% CI unless otherwise indicated.
*p-value from paired t test comparing basal to insulin-stimulated values.
†p-value from Student t test (comparison of mean basal values).
‡Mixed ANOVA where data are available from the basal period and from the clamp. The factors genotype and condition (basal/clamp) were included in the model. p-values represent interaction between genotype and condition.
§Median and IQR. p-value from Student t test of log-transformed data.
¶Median and IQR. p-value from Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; CC, control; CT, polymorphism carriers; FFA, free fatty acid; HsCRP, high-sensitive C reactive protein.