Table 2

Change in outcome measures from baseline to 6 months

Variable	CAW	Calorie-adjusted/walnut-excluded	p Value	NCAW	No calorie-adjusted/walnut-excluded	p Value	CAW vs NCAW p Value
Healthy Eating Index score	9.14±17.71**	0.40±15.13	0.02	7.02±15.89^¥	−5.92±21.84^¥	0.001	0.60
FMD (%)	1.94±3.76**	1.54±4.31^¥	0.62	2.21±4.01***	1.44±3.60*	0.34	0.74
SARM	0.07±0.26^¥	0.05±0.17	0.45	−0.01±0.11	−0.02±0.07	0.62	0.03
HbA1c (%)	0.05±0.14^¥	0.06±0.14*	0.64	0.10±0.21***	0.04±0.17	0.07	0.12
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	−1.75±7.29	−0.33±5.42	0.35	0.02±9.67	−1.08±7.27	0.47	0.25
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.14±2.23	−0.33±2.22	0.62	0.17±1.25	−0.30±1.75	0.22	0.43
Percent body fat (%)	0.76±3.88	0.95±4.48	0.86	1.98±8.16^¥	0.84±3.28	0.29	0.26
Percent body water (%)	0.72±7.19	0.54±6.96	0.87	−0.39±2.84	−0.60±2.19	0.84	0.31
Visceral fat	0.25±1.71	0.29±1.99	0.91	0.47±1.99^¥	0.45±1.08	0.95	0.53
Waist (cm)	−2.40±4.67**	−3.30±4.82***	0.34	−1.28±4.84	−1.89±4.11*	0.52	0.24
HDL (mg/dL)	−1.33±7.95	−0.12±8.35	0.45	−1.08±6.83	−0.24±8.96	0.61	0.88
LDL (mg/dL)	−14.52±24.11***	−9.79±15.87**	0.22	−12.39±17.82***	−11.84±19.10***	0.89	0.59
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	−16.04±27.34***	−9.42±19.85*	0.15	−12.51±22.49***	−11.14±21.78**	0.77	0.45
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	−1.15±34.34	2.44±39.60	0.69	4.53±53.69	4.57±48.89	0.99	0.53
Total cholesterol/HDL	−0.29±0.74*	−0.15±0.64	0.33	−0.19±0.67	−0.22±0.82^¥	0.82	0.49
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	0.46±6.42	0.60±7.36	0.93	0.82±7.77	1.80±8.41	0.52	0.82
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	−0.46±11.20	2.38±13.33	0.31	0.51±17.86	1.98±12.09	0.60	0.73

^¥<0.05, *<0.01, **<0.001, ***<0.0001 indicates significant changes from baseline.
BMI, body mass index; CAW, calorie-adjusted/walnut-included; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NCAW, no calorie-adjusted/Walnut-included.