Crude and adjusted HRs of having the first screening test
| Characteristics | Number of patients with at least one test for proteinuria* | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 40–49 | 8441 | Reference | Reference |
| 50–59 | 14 668 | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.18) | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.18) |
| 60–69 | 17 921 | 1.23 (1.19 to 1.26) | 1.21 (1.18 to 1.25) |
| 70–79 | 13 244 | 1.29 (1.26 to 1.33) | 1.28 (1.24 to 1.31) |
| 80+ | 5126 | 1.07 (1.06 to 1.13) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 25 079 | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 34 321 | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.06) | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.06) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 21 459 | Reference | Reference |
| Current | 10 348 | 0.97 (0.97 to 1.00) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) |
| Former | 26 081 | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) |
| Unknown | 1512 | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) |
| Year of cohort entry | |||
| 2007 | 11 288 | Reference | Reference |
| 2008 | 11 259 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) |
| 2009 | 11 700 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) |
| 2010 | 11 043 | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.94) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.94) |
| 2011 | 9541 | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.91) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) |
| 2012 | 4569 | 0.88 (0.88 to 0.91) | 0.90 (0.88 to 0.91) |
| History of hypertension | |||
| No | 26 078 | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 33 322 | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| History of nephropathy‡ | |||
| No | 51 461 | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 7939 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) |
*Patients’ follow-up time was censored on the earliest date of the following: the first test for proteinuria during follow-up, death, transfer out of the general practice, or the end of the study (29 July 2013).
†The HRs were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, year of cohort entry), and history of diabetic renal complications.
‡History of diabetic renal complications was defined as a diagnosis of albuminuria, proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal disease, renal failure, dialysis, or renal transplant at any time before cohort entry date.