Baseline characteristics
| Parameter | Age at diagnosis (years) | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 n=442 | 5–9 n=794 | 10–20 n=982 | All patients n=2218 | ||
| Gender | 0.227 | ||||
| Male | 239 (54.1%) | 398 (50.1%) | 529 (53.9%) | 1166 (52.6%) | |
| Female | 203 (45.9%) | 396 (49.9%) | 453 (46.1%) | 1052 (47.4%) | |
| Race | 0.056 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 369 (83.5%) | 703 (88.5%) | 838 (85.3%) | 1910 (86.1%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 43 (9.7%) | 56 (7.1%) | 98 (10.0%) | 197 (8.9%) | |
| Other | 30 (6.8%) | 35 (4.4%) | 46 (4.7%) | 111 (5.0%) | |
| Diagnosis age | 2.9±1.3 | 7.7±1.4 | 12.8±1.9 | 9.0±4.1 | <0.001 |
| Number of HbA1c assessments per year over the first 5 years | 2.4±0.9 | 2.4±0.8 | 2.4±0.9 | 2.4±0.9 | 0.890 |
| Average HbA1c over the first 5 years NGSP% (IFCC mmol/mol) | 8.4%±1.2 (68.3±13.1) | 8.3%±1.3 (67.2±14.2) | 8.7%±2.0 (71.6±21.9) | 8.5±1.6 (69.4±17.5) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c at diagnosis | 11.0±2.4 | 11.7±2.4 | 12.5±2.7 | 11.9±2.6 | <0.001 |
| Initial HbA1c after initiation of insulin therapy | 8.4±1.5 | 7.6±1.5 | 7.5±2.2 | 7.7±1.9 | <0.001 |
| Initial HbA1c after initiation of insulin therapy (sample size for each HbA1c stratum) | <0.001 | ||||
| <7% (<53 mmol/mol) | 82 (18.6%) | 293 (36.9%) | 496 (50.5%) | 871 (39.3%) | |
| 7–9% (53–75 mmol/mol) | 226 (51.1%) | 385 (48.5%) | 329 (33.5%) | 940 (42.4%) | |
| >9% (>75 mmol/mol) | 134 (30.3%) | 116 (14.6%) | 157 (16.0%) | 407 (18.3%) | |
| Diagnosis year | 0.067 | ||||
| Pre-2000 | 172 (38.9%) | 285 (35.9%) | 309 (31.5%) | 766 (34.5%) | |
| 2000–2003 | 112 (25.3%) | 201 (25.3%) | 270 (27.5%) | 583 (26.3%) | |
| 2004–2009 | 158 (35.7%) | 308 (38.8%) | 403 (41.0%) | 869 (39.2%) | |
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.