IRs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding by sample characteristics
| Subgroups | Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence rate per 1000 person-years | IRR | (95% CI) | ||||
| NSAID users | NSAIDs non-users | |||||
| IR | (95% CI) | IR | (95% CI) | |||
| Entire sample | 8.11 | (8.10 to 8.13) | 4.82 | (4.81 to 4.83) | 1.68 | (1.54 to 1.84) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 9.18 | (9.16 to 9.20) | 5.25 | (5.24 to 5.27) | 1.75 | (1.55 to 1.97) |
| Female | 7.12 | (7.10 to 7.14) | 4.41 | (4.40 to 4.42) | 1.62 | (1.42 to 1.83) |
| Age group, years | ||||||
| 65–69 | 7.51 | (7.49 to 7.54) | 4.55 | (4.54 to 4.57) | 1.65 | (1.41 to 1.93) |
| 70–74 | 8.04 | (8.01 to 8.06) | 4.82 | (4.81 to 4.84) | 1.67 | (1.41 to 1.98) |
| 75–79 | 8.99 | (8.95 to 9.02) | 5.45 | (5.43 to 5.47) | 1.65 | (1.37 to 1.99) |
| 80– | 8.25 | (8.22 to 8.28) | 4.68 | (4.66 to 4.70) | 1.76 | (1.47 to 2.11) |
| Previous diagnosis | ||||||
| Hypertension | 8.36 | (8.34 to 8.38) | 4.75 | (4.74 to 4.76) | 1.76 | (1.58 to 1.96) |
| Dyslipidemia | 8.56 | (8.54 to 8.59) | 4.92 | (4.91 to 4.94) | 1.74 | (1.52 to 2.00) |
| Coronary artery disease | 8.72 | (8.67 to 8.77) | 5.88 | (5.85 to 5.92) | 1.48 | (1.12 to 1.97) |
| Heart failure | 11.27 | (11.21 to 11.34) | 5.13 | (5.10 to 5.18) | 2.20 | (1.60 to 3.02) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 10.32 | (10.22 to 10.42) | 6.40 | (6.34 to 6.48) | 1.61 | (0.98 to 2.65) |
| Osteoarthritis | 8.65 | (8.61 to 8.69) | 4.80 | (4.78 to 4.83) | 1.80 | (1.43 to 2.27) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 12.94 | (12.80 to 13.09) | 3.62 | (3.57 to 3.70) | 3.57 | (1.64 to 7.79) |
| Chronic liver disease | 9.52 | (9.49 to 9.56) | 5.88 | (5.86 to 5.90) | 1.62 | (1.35 to 1.95) |
| Chronic renal disease | 15.39 | (15.31 to 15.47) | 5.89 | (5.86 to 5.94) | 2.61 | (1.91 to 3.57) |
| Medication use | ||||||
| Antihypertensive agent | 8.43 | (8.41 to 8.44) | 4.87 | (4.86 to 4.89) | 1.73 | (1.56 to 1.91) |
| Anticoagulant | 12.15 | (12.10 to 12.21) | 5.55 | (5.52 to 5.58) | 2.19 | (1.70 to 2.82) |
| Antiplatelet agent | 9.32 | (9.28 to 9.35) | 5.42 | (5.40 to 5.45) | 1.72 | (1.40 to 2.11) |
| Aspirin | 8.89 | (8.87 to 8.91) | 4.97 | (4.96 to 4.99) | 1.79 | (1.56 to 2.05) |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 14.23 | (14.16 to 14.30) | 6.82 | (6.78 to 6.86) | 2.09 | (1.60 to 2.73) |
| Gastroprotective agent | 9.26 | (9.24 to 9.28) | 5.78 | (5.77 to 5.80) | 1.60 | (1.43 to 1.79) |
| Corticosteroid | 9.68 | (9.64 to 9.71) | 4.87 | (4.85 to 4.89) | 1.99 | (1.64 to 2.41) |
| SSRI | 9.57 | (9.51 to 9.63) | 4.36 | (4.33 to 4.40) | 2.20 | (1.55 to 3.12) |
IR, incidence rate; IRR, incidence rate ratio; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.