Multiple linear regression models with patient activation (PAM-13) as a dependent variable, and self-stigma, self-efficacy, depression symptoms, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as independent variables (n=209)
| Model 1* | Model 2* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2=0.23† | R2=0.26† | |||||||
| Regression coefficient (SE) | 95% CI | Standardized partial regression coefficient | p Values | Regression coefficient (SE) | 95% CI | Standardized partial regression coefficient | p Values | |
| Constant | 65.80 (8.68) | – | – | <0.001 | 76.64 (9.08) | – | – | <0.001 |
| Self-stigma‡ | – | – | – | – | −0.13 (0.04) | (−0.20 to −0.05) | −0.23 | 0.001 |
| Self-efficacy§ | 0.57 (0.16) | (0.26 to 0.88) | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.16) | (0.12 to 0.75) | 0.19 | 0.007 |
| Depression symptoms¶ | −0.34 (0.15) | (−0.64 to −0.04) | −0.16 | 0.027 | −0.23 (0.15) | (−0.53 to 0.07) | −0.11 | 0.131 |
R2, adjusted coefficient of determination.
*Model adjusted for sex (male), age (years), body mass index (kg/m2), diabetes duration (months), injection therapy (yes), number of diabetes-related complications, hemoglobin A1c (%), education (years), and marital status (married).
†p<0.001.
‡Self-Stigma Scale (SSS-J).
§General Self-efficacy Scale.
¶Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
PAM-13, Patient Activation Measure.