Self-stigma and patient activation (PAM-13) levels in participants with HbA1c and diabetes-related complications (n=209)
| Self-stigma* | Patient activation† (PAM-13) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) |
| HbA1c | ||
| <7% (53 mmol/mol) (n=103) | 68.7 (±17.6) | 53.5 (±9.2) |
| ≥7% (53 mmol/mol) (n=106) | 73.4 (±15.3) | 50.2 (±9.2) |
| Number of diabetes-related complications‡ | ||
| 0 (n=129) | 69.1 (±16.8) | 52.5 (±9.6) |
| 1 (n=52) | 73.4 (±15.8) | 50.8 (±8.3) |
| ≥ 2 (n=28) | 76.0 (±15.9) | 50.8 (±9.9) |
| Quality of diabetes-related complications§ | ||
| Without eye problems (n=161) | 69.5 (±16.6) | 52.0 (±9.1) |
| With eye problems (n=48) | 76.4 (±15.8) | 51.2 (±10.0) |
*Self-Stigma Scale (SSS-J).
†Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13).
‡Diabetes Complications Index (DCI).
§Diabetes-related complications on whether participants had retinopathy and/or cataract.
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.