Participant characteristics, overall and per ethnic group (n=3393)
| Overall | Amerindian | Creole | Hindustani | Javanese | Maroon | Mixed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=3393 | n=274 | n=397 | n=886 | n=515 | n=809 | n=454 | |
| Fasting blood glucose, mean (SD) mmol/L | 5.8 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.9) | 5.5 (1.5) | 6.3 (2.5) | 5.8 (1.8) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.7 (1.9) |
| Men % (95% CI) | 48.5 (46.8 to 50.2) | 33.1 (26.0 to 41.3) | 57.1 (52.3 to 61.8) | 54.6 (51,7 to 57.5) | 51.3 (46.9 to 55.7) | 39.9 (36.1 to 43.8) | 45.2 (41.1 to 49,4) |
| Age, median (95% range) | 35.0 (15.0–62.0) | 35.0 (15.8–62.0) | 35.0 (15.0–62.0) | 37 (16.0–62.0) | 40.0 (16–63) | 29.0 (15.0–61.1) | 31.0 (15.0–62.0) |
| Education % (95% CI) | |||||||
| Low | 53.9 (52 to 55.6) | 79.7 (72.5 to 85.8) | 39.4 (34.6 to 44.4) | 54.3 (51.3 to 57.3) | 53.2 (48.8 to 57.6) | 71.5 (67.7 to 75) | 35.6 (31.6 to 39.8) |
| Middle | 27.3 (25.9 to 28.8) | 16 (10.8 to 23.1) | 30.3 (25.9 to 35.1) | 28.4 (25.8 to 31.2) | 33.1 (29.1 to 37.4) | 18.4 (15.5 to 21.8) | 33.6 (29.7 to 37.8) |
| High | 18.8 (17.6 to 20.1) | 4.2 (1.5 to 8.4) | 30.3 (25.9 to 35.1) | 17.3 (15.1 to 19.7) | 13.6 (10.8 to 17) | 10.1 (7.9 to 12.8) | 30.8 (26.9 to 34.9) |
| Income % (95% CI) | |||||||
| q1-lowest | 34.6 (32.5 to 36.7) | 61.7 (50.1 to 72.5) | 26.7 (21.3 to 32.9) | 29.9 (26.4 to 33.7) | 24.2 (19.8 to 29.3) | 55.5 (50.2 to 60.7) | 21.4 (17 to 26.5) |
| q2 | 32.5 (30.5 to 34.6) | 22.7 (14.2 to 33.7) | 38 (31.7 to 44.4) | 38.7 (34.9 to 42.6) | 36.5 (31.3 to 42) | 27.7 (23.3 to 32.7) | 23.8 (19.2 to 29.1) |
| q3 | 14.5 (12.9 to 16.1) | 3.9 (0.8 to 10.8) | 18.9 (14.1 to 24.5) | 17.9 (15.1 to 21.2) | 17.3 (13.5 to 22) | 6.3 (4.2 to 9.5) | 17.9 (13.8 to 22.8) |
| q4 and q5-highest | 18.5 (16.8 to 20.3) | 11.7 (5.4 to 20.7) | 16.5 (11.9 to 21.7) | 13.5 (11 to 16.4) | 21.9 (17.7 to 26.9) | 10.4 (7.6 to 14.1) | 36.9 (31.4 to 42.5) |
| Residential area % (95% CI) | |||||||
| Urban coastal | 75.6 (74.4 to 77.0) | 33.1 (26 to 41.3) | 86.8 (83.2 to 89.8) | 84.6 (82.4 to 86.7) | 75.5 (71.6 to 79.1) | 58.3 (54.4 to 62.2) | 88.2 (85.2 to 90.6) |
| Rural coastal | 14.6 (13.6 to 15.8) | 28.4 (21.4 to 36.1) | 13.2 (10.2 to 16.8) | 15.4 (13.3 to 17.6) | 24.5 (20.9 to 28.4) | 6.9 (5.1 to 9.2) | 11.6 (9.1 to 14.5) |
| Rural interior | 9.9 (8.5 to 10.9) | 38.5 (30.8 to 46.6) | 0 (0 to 1.1) | 0 (0 to 0.4) | 0 (0 to 0.9) | 34.8 (31.1 to 38.6) | 0.3 (0 to 1.3) |
| Living with partner % (95% CI) | 51.4 (49.7 to 53.1) | 67.3 (59.3 to 74.6) | 27.5 (23.4 to 32.1) | 62.7 (59.8 to 65.5) | 73.2 (69.1 to 76.9) | 38.8 (35 to 42.8) | 44.8 (40.6 to 49) |
| Employed % (95% CI) | 72.6 (71.1 to 74.1) | 42.2 (34.5 to 50.6) | 80.4 (76.2 to 84) | 67.7 (64.9 to 70.4) | 72 (67.9 to 75.8) | 62.5 (58.6 to 66.3) | 78.4 (74.7 to 81.6) |
| Smoking % (95% CI) | 18.5 (17.2 to 19.8) | 8.8 (5.0 to 14.6) | 28.3 (24.1 to 32.9) | 17.6 (15.5 to 20) | 26.7 (22.9 to 30.7) | 7.7 (5.8 to 10.1) | 21.5 (18.2 to 25.2) |
| Recommended physical activity % (95% CI) | 65.4 (63.7 to 67.1) | 65.2 (55.8 to 73.9) | 73 (68 to 77.4) | 65 (62 to 68) | 63.7 (59.1 to 68) | 60.7 (56.3 to 65) | 66.2 (61.9 to 70.3) |
| Body mass index, median (95% range) kg/m2 | 26.1(18.0–40.9) | 27.4(19.3–41.1) | 25.1(18.1–41.0) | 26.4(18.0–39.7) | 26.4(18.4–40.9) | 25.0(18.0–41.7) | 25.7(17.2–39.9) |
| Waist circumference, median (95% range) cm | 86.8 (63.0–120.1) | 90.0 (61.9–126.8) | 85.3 (65.1–124.0) | 90.0 (64.0–123.0) | 86.4 (62.2–114.7) | 82.3 (63.0–119.0) | 85.0 (60.0–121.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) mm Hg | 118.9 (19.1) | 116.7 (18.4) | 121.92 (19.5) | 119.6 (18.7) | 120.3 (19.9) | 117.5 (18.6) | 117.2 (20.1) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) mm Hg | 78.3 (12.6) | 75.8 (11.7) | 78.6 (13.3) | 79.9 (12.1) | 80.0 (12.8) | 76.9 (12.8) | 76.8 (12.2) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) mmol/L | 4.4 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.8 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.1) |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD) mmol/L | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) |
| LDL cholesterol mean (SD) mmol/L | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 2.8 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.9) | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) |
| Triglycerides mean (SD) mmol/L | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.6 (1.3) | 0.9 (0.5) | 1.2 (1.9) |
The values are estimated means (SD), medians (95% range) or proportions (% (CI)) and are based on weighted data. The sample weights included adjustment weights for sex and age. Additional adjustment weights for ethnicity were included in the analyses of the overall group.
Q, income status quintile.