Concomitant medication usage among NIAD initiators, basal insulin initiators, and prandial/mixed insulin initiators
| Preindex | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIAD initiators | |||||
| Metformin (%) | – | 77.0 | 58.4 | 55.4 | 53.6 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors (%) | – | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 9.5 |
| GLP-1 agonists (%) | – | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.7 |
| Sulfonylureas (%) | – | 23.7 | 21.1 | 23.1 | 25.2 |
| TZDs (%) | – | 9.5 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 8.9 |
| Fixed-dose combinations (%) | – | 11.5 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 11.3 |
| Basal insulin initiators | |||||
| Metformin (%) | 55.4 | 52.1 | 48.7 | 47.5 | 46.2 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors (%) | 15.8 | 12.4 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 9.7 |
| GLP-1 agonists (%) | 12.0 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.7 |
| Sulfonylureas (%) | 52.1 | 41.4 | 35.1 | 33.8 | 32.6 |
| TZDs (%) | 29.6 | 18.8 | 15.0 | 14.2 | 13.5 |
| Fixed-dose combinations (%) | 17.5 | 13.7 | 12.0 | 11.2 | 10.4 |
| Prandial/mixed insulin initiators | |||||
| Metformin (%) | 49.1 | 44.1 | 41.2 | 40.3 | 39.0 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors (%) | 11.7 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.5 |
| GLP-1 agonists (%) | 10.4 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| Sulfonylureas (%) | 46.7 | 29.9 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 23.6 |
| TZDs (%) | 24.7 | 14.1 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 10.0 |
| Fixed-dose combinations (%) | 14.0 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.3 |
DPP, dipeptidyl peptidase; GLP, glucagon-like peptide; NIAD, non-insulin antidiabetic drug; TZD, thiazolidinedione.