Table 3

Statistically significant latent variable factor structure, direct effects and correlations of the final SEM model

Latent variables		Estimate	SE	Est./SE	Two-tailed p value
Hours of vigorous PA at work →	PA	0.207	0.013	16.0	0.000
Hours of moderate PA at work →	PA	0.240	0.020	11.7	0.000
Hours of walking→	PA	0.689	0.024	28.5	0.000
Hours of vigorous PA doing sports→	PA	0.594	0.022	26.7	0.000
Hours of moderate PA doing sports →	PA	0.256	0.011	23.0	0.000
HEI fruit score→	Diet	0.277	0.042	6.7	0.000
HEI vegetable score→	Diet	0.168	0.042	3.9	0.000
Eat out prevalence→	Diet	−0.449	0.051	−8.9	0.000
Fast food prevalence→	Diet	−0.453	0.047	−9.6	0.000
Educational status→	Sociodemographic background	0.150	0.041	3.7	0.000
Marital status→	Sociodemographic background	−0.850	0.048	−17.8	0.000
Direct effects
Sociodemographic background→	Diet	−0.522	0.132	−3.95	0.000
PA→	HDL	0.106	0.029	3.67	0.000
PA→	BMI	−0.148	0.036	−4.16	0.000
Sociodemographic background→	BMI	−0.352	0.039	−9.09	0.000
Diet→	Triglycerides	0.281	0.064	4.425	0.000
HDL→	BMI	−0.108	0.038	−2.88	0.004
Total cholesterol→	BMI	0.134	0.051	2.62	0.009
HDL→	Triglycerides	−0.128	0.049	−2.63	0.009
HDL→	Total cholesterol	0.230	0.048	4.79	0.000
Family history of diabetes→	Total cholesterol	−0.104	0.047	−2.23	0.026
Triglycerides→	FBG	0.336	0.057	5.87	0.000
BMI	FBG	0.164	0.047	3.46	0.001
HDL→	Waist circumference	−0.104	0.033	−3.14	0.002
BMI→	Waist circumference	0.788	0.016	49.07	0.000
Waist circumference→	High blood pressure	−0.221	0.048	4.58	0.000
Specific indirect effects
PA→BMI→FBG		−0.024	0.009	−2.62	0.009
PA→HDL→BMI→FBG		−0.002	0.001	−1.97	0.049
PA→HDL→ Triglycerides →FBG		−0.005	0.002	−2.02	0.043
Sociodemographic background→BMI→FBG		−0.058	0.018	−3.23	0.001
Sociodemographic background→Diet→ Triglycerides→ FBG		−0.049	0.018	−2.72	0.007
Diet→ Triglycerides→ FBG		0.095	0.027	3.52	0.000
Correlations
Hours of moderate PA at work	Hours of vigorous PA at work	0.323	0.011	29.45	0.000
Educational status	HEI fruit score	0.199	0.033	6.02	0.000
HEI vegetable score	HEI fruit score	0.299	0.035	8.62	0.000
Fast food prevalence	Eat out prevalence	0.353	0.033	10.71	0.000
Educational status	HEI vegetable score	0.166	0.035	4.79	0.000
Total cholesterol	Triglycerides	0.417	0.063	6.64	0.000

BMI, body mass index; Est, estimates; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; PA, physical activity; SEM, structural equation model.