Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Variable | Calorie regulated/walnuts (N=53) | No calorie regulated/walnuts (N=49) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 69.6% | 75.0% | 0.53 |
| Age (years) | 56.5±11.7 | 53.3±11.1 | 0.15 |
| 2010 Healthy Eating Index score | 57.1±17.4 | 54.0±15.7 | 0.36 |
| Total vegetables* | 3.7±1.5 | 3.4±1.6 | 0.23 |
| Greens and beans* | 2.3±2.4 | 2.0±2.3 | 0.52 |
| Total fruit† | 2.7±2.0 | 2.7±2.0 | 0.92 |
| Whole fruit‡ | 3.0±2.2 | 3.0±2.3 | 0.99 |
| Whole grains | 4.1±3.9 | 3.0±3.6 | 0.17 |
| Dairy§ | 6.4±3.1 | 5.1±3.7 | 0.04 |
| Total protein foods¶ | 3.8±1.6 | 4.3±1.3 | 0.10 |
| Seafood and plant protein foods¶,** | 2.5±2.2 | 2.4±2.4 | 0.91 |
| Fatty acids†† | 4.2±3.8 | 4.6±3.8 | 0.60 |
| Sodium | 4.4±3.6 | 4.0±3.9 | 0.65 |
| Refined grains | 6.8±3.4 | 7.3±3.3 | 0.41 |
| Empty calories‡‡ | 13.9±5.5 | 13.8±6.1 | 0.95 |
| Total calories | 2054.7±788.6 | 1892.8±867.5 | 0.33 |
*Includes any beans and peas not counted as total protein foods.
†Includes 100% fruit juice.
‡Includes all forms except juice.
§Includes all milk products, such as fluid milk, yogurt, and cheese, and fortified soy beverages.
¶Beans and peas are included here (and not with vegetables) when the total protein foods standard is otherwise not met.
**Includes seafood, nuts, seeds, soy products (other than beverages) as well as beans and peas counted as total protein foods.
††Ratio of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids.
‡‡Calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars; threshold for counting alcohol is >13 g/1000 kcal.