Baseline characteristics of the ‘GNHIES98—longitudinal sample’ (N=3625) stratified by status of incident diagnosed type 2 diabetes
| GNHIES98—longitudinal sample | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDRS components | Participants with incident diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n=82) | Participants without incident diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n=3543) | |
| Age (years) | 55.0 (51.5 to 58.6) | 42.4 (41.6 to 43.2) | <0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 166.5 (163.6 to 169.4) | 170.1 (169.6 to 170.5) | 0.02 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 103.5 (100.1 to 106.9) | 88.7 (88.0 to 89.3) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension (%) | 50.5 (37.3 to 63.7) | 17.5 (15.7 to 19.4) | <0.01 |
| Sport activity (hours/day) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.8) | 1.1 (1.1 to 1.2) | <0.01 |
| Former smoker of <20 cigarettes/day (%) | 11.3 (5.6 to 21.3) | 11.3 (10.1 to 12.5) | 1.00 |
| Former smoker of ≥20 cigarettes/day (%) | 11.9 (5.4 to 24.5) | 9.1 (8.1 to 10.3) | 0.51 |
| Current smoker of <20 cigarettes/day (%) | 11.7 (6.4 to 20.2) | 20.6 (18.5 to 22.8) | 0.03 |
| Current smoker of ≥20 cigarettes/day (%) | 17.6 (9.5 to 30.3) | 14.1 (12.5 to 15.9) | 0.48 |
| Wholegrain intake (each 50 g/day) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.3 (1.3 to 1.4) | <0.01 |
| Coffee consumption (each 150 g/day) | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.1) | 2.7 (2.6 to 2.8) | 0.66 |
| Red meat intake (each 150 g/day) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.6) | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.6) | 0.81 |
| One parent with diabetes (%)* | 49.7 (34.3 to 65.2) | 26.8 (24.8 to 28.9) | <0.01 |
| Both parents with diabetes (%)* | 10.6 (5.3 to 20.0) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) | <0.01 |
| One or more siblings with diabetes (%)† | 5.0 | 5.0 | – |
| GDRS (points) | 714.3 (692.1 to 736.4) | 488.2 (480.2 to 496.2) | <0.01 |
| Predicted 5-year diabetes risk (%) | 9.6 (7.8 to 11.8) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | <0.01 |
Values are given as weighted percentage (95% CI), weighted arithmetic mean (95% CI) or, in case of predicted 5-year diabetes risk, as weighted geometric mean (95% CI). Differences in proportions and means between groups were assessed by χ² test or ANOVA.
*Information was used as reported at follow-up (DEGS1). Missing information (n=20 with incident diabetes, n=467 without incident diabetes) is replaced by a constant reflecting the prevalence of parental history of diabetes among participants with available information.
†Information was not available and is substituted by a constant reflecting the prevalence of a sibling history of diabetes in EPIC-Potsdam.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; DEGS1, German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; GDRS, German Diabetes Risk Score; GNHIES98, German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998.