Table 4

Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses to determine significant associations of urinary ACR and eGFR with PHQ-9 scores and PHQ-9 score ≥5 and ≥10

	Linear regression analysis			Logistic regression analysis
	PHQ-9 scores			PHQ-9 score ≥5			PHQ-9 score ≥10
	Parameter estimate	95% CI	p Value	OR	95% CI	p Value	OR	95% CI	p Value
Log urinary ACR (per 1 SD)	0.39	0.13 to 0.65	0.003	1.20	1.06 to 1.37	0.005	1.22	1.03 to 1.46	0.024
eGFR (per 1 SD)	0.02	–0.27 to −0.30	0.909	0.97	0.84 to 1.12	0.648	1.02	0.84 to 1.23	0.856
Age (per 10 years)	−0.57	−0.76 to −0.38	<0.001	0.75	0.68 to 0.83	<0.001	0.80	0.70 to 0.92	0.001
Gender (men vs women)	−0.58	−1.00 to −0.17	0.006	0.68	0.55 to 0.83	<0.001	0.71	0.52 to 0.95	0.022
HbA1c (per 1.0%)	0.35	0.18 to 0.53	<0.001	1.15	1.05 to 1.25	0.002	1.24	1.12 to 1.39	<0.001
Type of diabetes (type 2 vs 1)	0.09	−0.60 to 0.77	0.803	1.06	0.75 to 1.49	0.754	0.94	0.57 to 1.53	0.791
Oral hypoglycemic agents (yes vs no)	0.39	−0.11 to 0.90	0.127	1.46	1.12 to 1.89	0.005	1.19	0.82 to 1.72	0.361
Injections (yes vs no)	0.15	−0.35 to 0.64	0.560	1.16	0.91 to 1.49	0.235	0.90	0.64 to 1.28	0.574
Antihypertensive agents (yes vs no)	−0.23	−0.69 to 0.22	0.318	1.03	0.82 to 1.30	0.802	0.83	0.59 to 1.16	0.279
Antilipemic agents (yes vs no)	0.69	0.25 to 1.12	0.002	1.12	0.90 to 1.39	0.331	1.43	1.04 to 1.95	0.026
Retinopathy (yes vs no)	0.81	0.36 to 1.25	<0.001	1.23	0.98 to 1.53	0.069	1.55	1.13 to –2.11	0.006
Neuropathy (yes vs no)	1.66	1.24 to 2.09	<0.001	2.26	1.80 to 2.83	<0.001	2.44	1.72 to 3.74	<0.001
Cardiac disease (yes vs no)	0.61	−0.01 to 1.23	0.055	1.43	1.05 to 1.95	0.023	1.26	0.81 to 1.95	0.301
Stroke (yes vs no)	2.16	0.73 to 3.58	0.003	2.58	1.29 to 5.16	0.007	2.33	1.03 to 5.28	0.043
Gangrene (yes vs no)	1.29	−0.88 to 3.47	0.244	1.14	0.41 to 3.21	0.801	1.41	0.43 to 4.68	0.573

ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.