Baseline characteristics of the participants in the real-world intensive lifestyle intervention
| All participants | Group A | Group B | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.7±10.1 | 53.3±9.3 | 54.1±10.9 | NS |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 9.6±9.4 | 9.1±9.1 | 10.0±9.6 | NS |
| Weight (lbs) | 238.6±40.8 | 228.0±36.6 | 249±43.0 | <0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 38.3±5.3 | 37.3±5.2 | 39.3±5.1 | <0.05 |
| Basal metabolic rate (kilocalorie) | 1866.6±336.0 | 1777.5±275.8 | 1951.5±361.2 | NS |
| Body fat mass (lbs) | 104.6±27.5 | 99.6±25.6 | 111.2±29.0 | NS |
| Percentage body fat (%) | 44.0±7.1 | 43.9±6.3 | 44.4±7.6 | <0.05 |
| Fat free mass (lbs) | 133.1±26.8 | 125.7±21.5 | 138.5±29.2 | <0.01 |
| Waist (inches) | 47.0±5.4 | 45.3±5.1 | 48.3±5.0 | <0.05 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.93±0.09 | 0.92±0.1 | 0.94±0.09 | NS |
| A1C (%) | 7.5±1.2 | 7.5±1.3 | 7.4±1.2 | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 128.1±14.7 | 126.3±14.1 | 129.8±15.2 | NS |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75.6±8.2 | 75.6±8.7 | 75.7±7.8 | NS |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 166.7±32.4 | 165.2±31.3 | 168.0±33.6 | NS |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 99.1±29.8 | 97.1±28.1 | 100.9±31.3 | NS |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43.3±10.0 | 44.6±10.2 | 42.2±9.9 | NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 137.9±73.2 | 128.2±60.3 | 146.5±82.4 | NS |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.92±0.19 | 0.91±0.20 | 0.92±0.18 | NS |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 17.4±5.5 | 16.9±4.8 | 17.9±6.1 | NS |
| Urinary microlalbumin/creatinine ratio (μg/mg) | 30.0±56.7 | 22.5±26.4 | 36.4±73.2 | NS |
| Medications for CVD risk factors (n) | 4.5±1.9 | 4.3±2.0 | 4.6±1.9 | NS |
| Diabetes medications (n) | 2.2±1.1 | 2.0±1.1 | 2.3±1.1 | NS |
| Patients on insulin (%) | 42.5 | 37.7 | 47.1 | NS |
Total group N=129. Group A n=61 (participants maintained <7% weight loss at 1 year). Group B n=68 (participants maintained ≥7% weight loss at 1 year). p=Group A versus Group B. Medications for CVD risk factors=diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia.
CVD, cardiovascular disease, HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NS, non-significant.