Table 2

The odds of experiencing psychological distress and poor self-rated quality of life in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis: adjusted ORs and 95% CIs from fixed effects logistic regression models

Model 1Model 2
OR (95% CI)
Psychological distress (K10≥22)1.31 (0.76 to 2.25)1.30 (0.75 to 2.25)
Self-rated quality of life (rated as poor)5.54 (1.28 to 24.10)5.49 (1.26 to 23.88)
Rate ratio (95% CI)
Number of times in the past week a participant
(i) spent time with friends or family they did not live with0.88 (0.82 to 0.95)0.89 (0.83 to 0.96)
(ii) talked to someone (friends, relatives, or others) on the telephone0.93 (0.86 to 0.99)0.95 (0.87 to 1.02)
(iii) attended meetings at social clubs or religious groups0.82 (0.74 to 0.91)0.82 (0.73 to 0.91)
How many people outside of home, but within 1 hour travel-time, does a participant feel close to or could they rely on0.91 (0.85 to 0.97)0.92 (0.86 to 0.98)
  • Model 1: adjusted for age only.

  • Model 2: adjusted for age, household income, economic status, and marital status.