Age and ever smoking proportions across BMI categories in individuals with incident type 2 diabetes and never (non)diabetes cohorts, Salford Integrated Database (1995–2012)
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5–22.49 | 22.5–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30.0–34.9 | 35.0–39.9 | 40.0–59.9 | p Value | |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||||||
| Number | 468 | 888 | 3513 | 3064 | 1520 | 1011 | |
| Mean age (SD), years | 62.3 (12.9) | 62.4 (12.0) | 60.6 (11.3) | 58.0 (11.2) | 55.9 (10.9) | 53.0 (10.3) | <0.001* |
| Ever smokers % | 56.2 | 57.9 | 59.9 | 58.6 | 56.1 | 53.0 | 0.0062† |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg | 135.9 (19.6) | 139.1 (19.4) | 139.7 (18.3) | 141.4 (18.3) | 140.9 (18.6) | 141.4 (17.7) | <0.001* |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg | 78.6 (11.3) | 79.7 (11.0) | 81.4 (10.5) | 83.1 (11.1) | 83.8 (11.5) | 84.8 (11.4) | <0.001* |
| Mean serum total cholesterol (SD), mmol/l | 5.16 (1.33) | 5.25 (1.59) | 5.25 (1.49) | 5.24 (1.36) | 5.21 (1.36) | 5.17 (1.21) | 0.564* |
| Mean HbA1c (SD), mmol/mol | 60.2 (32.2) | 56.8 (28.3) | 57.2 (26.3) | 58.4 (26.0) | 59.3 (25.8) | 59.1 (25.1) | 0.037* |
| Mean HbA1c (SD), % | 7.7 (5.1) | 7.3 (4.7) | 7.4 (4.6) | 7.5 (4.5) | 7.6 (4.5) | 7.6 (4.4) | |
| Ever metformin use % | 5.20 | 8.44 | 16.34 | 28.26 | 39.05 | 51.4 | <0.001* |
| Ever insulin use % | 3.09 | 4.28 | 6.84 | 11.22 | 14.26 | 18.93 | <0.001* |
| CVD % | 19.44 | 23.54 | 25.73 | 24.90 | 21.05 | 20.08 | 0.0264† |
| Cancer % | 13.25 | 12.95 | 14.81 | 12.27 | 11.25 | 9.40 | 0.002† |
| Non-diabetes cohort | |||||||
| Number | 4777 | 6139 | 12 432 | 5426 | 1635 | 611 | |
| Mean age (SD), years | 59.7 (12.3) | 59.2 (11.7) | 58.7 (11.4) | 58.0 (11.1) | 56.1 (10.8) | 54.5 (10.7) | <0.001* |
| Ever smokers % | 62.8 | 57.1 | 57.5 | 56.4 | 54.1 | 57.8 | 0.38† |
| CVD % | 11.49 | 12.84 | 13.60 | 14.56 | 14.50 | 11.13 | <0.001† |
| Cancer % | 14.53 | 13.72 | 12.89 | 11.96 | 9.66 | 7.69 | <0.001† |
*Test for trends using Cuzick's test.
†Cochrane-Armitage test for trends across ordered categorical data.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.