Baseline characteristics: overall, by diabetes status then by race
| Characteristics | Diabetes | No Diabetes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | All | African-American | White | All | African-American | White | |
| n=339 | n=124 | n=89 | n=34 | n=215 | n=130 | n=83 | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, mean (SE) | 56 (0.6) | 59 (0.9) | 59 (1.1) | 61 (1.7) | 54 (0.8) | 51 (1.1) | 57 (1.2) |
| Female | 260 (77) | 93 (75) | 70 (79) | 22 (65) | 167 (78) | 111 (85) | 54 (65) |
| Race | |||||||
| African-American | 219 (65) | 89 (72) | 130 (61) | ||||
| White | 117 (35) | 34 (28) | 83 (39) | ||||
| Education, years | |||||||
| ≤8 (middle school or less) | 16 (5) | 7 (6) | 4 (5) | 3 (9) | 9 (4) | 7 (5) | 2 (2) |
| 9–11 (some high school) | 45 (13) | 25 (20) | 22 (25) | 2 (6) | 20 (9) | 13 (10) | 7 (8) |
| 12 (high school graduate) | 128 (38) | 46 (37) | 36 (40) | 10 (29) | 82 (38) | 58 (45) | 24 (29) |
| 13–15 (some college) | 79 (23) | 24 (19) | 16 (18) | 8 (24) | 55 (26) | 29 (22) | 25 (30) |
| 16 (college graduate) | 49 (14) | 14 (11) | 9 (10) | 5 (15) | 35 (16) | 17 (13) | 17 (21) |
| >16 (graduate school) | 22 (7) | 8 (7) | 2 (2) | 6 (18) | 14 (7) | 6 (5) | 8 (10) |
| Education: high school or less | 189 (56) | 78 (63) | 62 (70) | 15 (44) | 111 (52) | 78 (60) | 33 (40) |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married or living with a partner | 159 (47) | 51 (41) | 32 (36) | 19 (56) | 108 (50) | 50 (39) | 57 (69) |
| Other | 180 (53) | 73 (59) | 57 (64) | 15 (44) | 107 (50) | 80 (62) | 26 (31) |
| Currently have health insurance | 251 (74) | 94 (76) | 68 (76) | 25 (74) | 157 (73) | 88 (68) | 67 (81) |
| Current employment | |||||||
| Working full time | 124 (37) | 25 (20) | 18 (20) | 7 (21) | 99 (46) | 64 (49) | 33 (40) |
| Working part time | 42 (12) | 17 (14) | 14 (16) | 2 (6) | 25 (12) | 17 (13) | 8 (10) |
| Do not work due to health reasons | 69 (20) | 38 (31) | 26 (29) | 12 (35) | 31 (14) | 17 (13) | 14 (17) |
| Retired | 53 (16) | 26 (21) | 18 (20) | 8 (24) | 27 (13) | 8 (6) | 19 (23) |
| Other | 51 (15) | 18 (14) | 13 (15) | 5 (15) | 33 (15) | 24 (19) | 9 (11) |
| Annual household income | |||||||
| <$10 000 | 62 (20) | 31 (29) | 24 (32) | 6 (18) | 31 (16) | 26 (22) | 5 (7) |
| $10 000 to<$20 000 | 64 (21) | 28 (26) | 23 (31) | 5 (15) | 36 (18) | 22 (19) | 14 (18) |
| $20 000 to<$40 000 | 84 (28) | 29 (27) | 20 (27) | 9 (27) | 55 (28) | 40 (34) | 14 (18) |
| $40 000 to<$60 000 | 33 (11) | 9 (8) | 3 (4) | 6 (18) | 24 (12) | 12 (10) | 12 (16) |
| $60 000 to <$80 000 | 27 (9) | 9 (8) | 4 (5) | 5 (15) | 18 (9) | 9 (8) | 9 (12) |
| ≥$80 000 | 34 (11) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 32 (15) | 10 (8) | 22 (29) |
| CVD and risk factors for CVD | |||||||
| Known coronary heart disease | 49 (14) | 28 (23) | 20 (23) | 8 (24) | 21 (10) | 10 (8) | 11 (13) |
| Known cardiovascular disease | 62 (18) | 33 (27) | 23 (26) | 10 (29) | 29 (13) | 14 (11) | 15 (18) |
| Hypertension | 291 (86) | 121 (98) | 88 (99) | 32 (94) | 170 (79) | 107 (82) | 63 (76) |
| Cholesterol | |||||||
| High (≥240 mg/dL) | 187 (56) | 82 (67) | 57 (65) | 24 (71) | 105 (49) | 53 (42) | 52 (63) |
| Borderline (200–239 mg/dL) | 46 (14) | 8 (7) | 7 (8) | 1 (3) | 38 (18) | 26 (21) | 11 (13) |
| Desirable (<200 mg/dL) | 102 (30) | 33 (27) | 24 (27) | 9 (27) | 69 (33) | 48 (38) | 20 (24) |
| Diabetes | 124 (37) | ||||||
| Current cigarette smoker | 54 (16) | 21 (17) | 17 (19) | 4 (12) | 33 (15) | 20 (15) | 13 (16) |
| Packs of cigarettes smoked per day, mean (SE) for current smokers | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.2) |
| Taking BP lowering medications | 260 (77) | 114 (92) | 83 (93) | 30 (88) | 146 (68) | 93 (72) | 53 (64) |
| Lifestyle | |||||||
| DRA total score | 27.8 (0.3) | 28.5 (0.5) | 28.3 (0.6) | 28.9 (0.7) | 27.4 (0.4) | 27.2 (0.5) | 27.7 (0.7) |
| Fat quality screener score | 15.5 (0.2) | 15.5 (0.2) | 15.4 (0.3) | 15.7 (0.3) | 15.4 (0.2) | 15.3 (0.2) | 15.7 (0.4) |
| Fruit and vegetable servings per day | 3.4 (0.1) | 3.7 (0.2) | 3.8 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.1) | 3.1 (0.2) | 3.5 (0.2) |
| Walking time (min/wk) | 91 (11.3) | 67 (12.8) | 68 (15.6) | 54 (20.5) | 105 (16.1) | 122 (24.9) | 80 (14.3) |
| Total physical activity time (min/wk) | 149 (14.0) | 112 (18.1) | 112 (20.5) | 99 (36.0) | 171 (19.3) | 176 (27.1) | 161 (26.3) |
| Physiological | |||||||
| Weight, kg | 98 (1.4) | 103 (2.2) | 103 (2.4) | 104 (4.7) | 95 (1.7) | 99 (2.3) | 90 (2.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36 (0.5) | 38 (0.8) | 38 (0.9) | 38 (1.6) | 35 (0.7) | 37 (0.9) | 32 (0.9) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 135 (1.2) | 136 (2.0) | 138 (2.4) | 131 (3.6) | 134 (1.5) | 136 (2.1) | 133 (2.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 82 (0.7) | 81 (1.1) | 82 (1.4) | 78 (1.9) | 83 (0.8) | 84 (1.1) | 81 (1.2) |
| HbA1c, % | 6.6 (0.1) | 7.9 (0.2) | 8.0 (0.2) | 7.6 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.0) | 5.8 (0.0) | 5.7 (0.0) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 49 (1.1) | 63 (2.2) | 64 (2.2) | 60 (3.3) | 40 (0.0) | 40 (0.0) | 39 (0.0) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193 (2.3) | 188 (4.1) | 188 (5.0) | 187 (7.2) | 196 (2.7) | 193 (3.2) | 200 (4.8) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 54 (0.8) | 51 (1.4) | 55 (1.6) | 43 (2.1) | 56 (1.0) | 58 (1.3) | 53 (1.6) |
Data are means (SE) or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DRA, dietary risk assessment; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.