Table 3

Association between diabetic retinopathy and muscle quality in patients with type 2 diabetes

Standardised βp Values
Univariate model (adjusted R2=0.08)
 NPDR−0.1890.002
 PDR−0.235<0.001
Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted model (adjusted R2=0.37)
 NPDR−0.1410.006
 PDR−0.1450.005
 Age−0.210<0.001
 Gender0.496<0.001
Multivariate model (adjusted R2=0.46)
 NPDR−0.1360.005
 PDR−0.1460.003
 Age−0.238<0001
 Gender0.363<0.001
 Body fat−0.315<0.001
 History of CVD−0.1410.004

  • Muscle quality was defined as grip strength divided by skeletal muscle index.

  • CVD, cardiovascular disease; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy.