Table 2

Causal mediation for patients treated with gastric bypass

	Overall mortality			Cardiovascular death			Myocardial infarction
Variable (effect)	HR	95% CI	p Value	HR	95% CI	p Value	HR	95% CI	p Value
BMI (direct)	1.956	1.002 to 3.821	0.0494	1.737	0.594 to 5.082	0.3133	0.317	0.133 to 0.756	0.0096
(indirect)	0.384	0.179 to 0.821	0.0136	0.145	0.028 to 0.750	0.0213	1.068	0.377 to 3.030	0.9014
HbA1c (direct)	0.329	0.193 to 0.560	<0.0001	0.292	0.062 to 1.375	0.1195	0.488	0.230 to 1.037	0.0620
(indirect)	1.361	0.930 to 1.993	0.1123	0.988	0.350 to 2.789	0.9821	0.841	0.468 to 1.513	0.5641
SBP (direct)	0.611	0.398 to 0.938	0.0241	0.263	0.051 to 1.358	0.1109	0.531	0.247 to 1.143	0.1054
(indirect)	0.948	0.672 to 1.339	0.7631	0.776	0.296 to 2.036	0.6069	0.889	0.537 to 1.472	0.6479
HDL (direct)	0.493	0.280 to 0.868	0.0143	0.304	0.050 to 1.839	0.1948	0.521	0.222 to 1.227	0.1358
(indirect)	1.024	0.649 to 1.616	0.9197	0.748	0.236 to 2.370	0.6222	0.681	0.383 to 1.211	0.1910
LDL (direct)	0.567	0.346 to 0.930	0.0245	0.187	0.026 to 1.326	0.0935	0.347	0.156 to 0.772	0.0095
(indirect)	1.023	0.703 to 1.491	0.9041	1.664	0.553 to 5.010	0.3648	1.079	0.592 to 1.967	0.8038

BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.