BMI, HbA1c, cardiovascular risk factors and pharmacologic treatments after RYGB or in control objects (means and proportions)
| Time (years) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Number (%) | RYGB | 6132 (100%) | 1535 (25.0%) | 1134 (18.5%) | 742 (12.1%) | 372 (6.1%) | 189 (3.1%) | 71 (1.2%) |
| Controls | 6132 (100%) | 2781 (45.4%) | 2098 (34.2%) | 1471 (24.0%) | 862 (14.1%) | 453 (7.4%) | 184 (3.0%) | |
| BMI (kg/m²) | RYGB | 42.6 (42.5 to 42.8) | 32.4 (32.2 to 32.5) | 31.9 (31.7 to 32.1) | 32.7 (32.4 to 32.9) | 33.2 (32.9 to 33.5) | 33.5 (33.1 to 34.0) | 34.1 (33.5 to 34.8) |
| Controls | 40.7 (40.6 to 40.9) | 39.4 (39.3 to 39.6) | 38.8 (38.6 to 39.0) | 38.4 (38.3 to 38.6) | 38.2 (37.9 to 38.4) | 37.9 (37.7 to 38.2) | 37.6 (37.2 to 38.0) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| HbA1c (%) | RYGB | 7.69 (7.65 to 7.73) | 6.32 (6.27 to 6.38) | 6.48 (6.42 to 6.55) | 6.64 (6.56 to 6.71) | 6.69 (6.58 to 6.79) | 6.81 (6.67 to 6.95) | 7.04 (6.82 to 7.27) |
| Controls | 7.52 (7.48 to 7.56) | 7.39 (7.35 to 7.44) | 7.40 (7.35 to 7.45) | 7.47 (7.41 to 7.52) | 7.52 (7.45 to 7.59) | 7.52 (7.43 to 7.61) | 7.50 (7.36, 7.64) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0008 | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | RYGB | 60.6 (60.1 to 61.0) | 45.6 (45.0 to 46.3) | 47.4 (46.6 to 48.1) | 49.0 (48.2 to 49.9) | 49.6 (48.5 to 50.7) | 50.9 (49.4 to 52.4) | 53.5 (51.0 to 56.0) |
| Controls | 58.7 (58.3 to 59.1) | 57.3 (56.8 to 57.8) | 57.4 (56.8 to 57.9) | 58.1 (57.5 to 58.7) | 58.7 (57.9 to 59.4) | 58.7 (57.7 to 59.7) | 58.5 (57.0 to 60.0) | |
| <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0008 | ||
| LDL (mmol/L) | RYGB | 2.78 (2.76 to 2.80) | 2.52 (2.48 to 2.56) | 2.54 (2.49 to 2.58) | 2.54 (2.49 to 2.60) | 2.54 (2.47 to 2.62) | 2.63 (2.53 to 2.74) | 2.47 (2.29 to 2.64) |
| Controls | 2.81 (2.79 to 2.83) | 2.68 (2.65 to 2.71) | 2.64 (2.61 to 2.68) | 2.62 (2.58 to 2.66) | 2.60 (2.55 to 2.65) | 2.56 (2.49 to 2.63) | 2.53 (2.43 to 2.64) | |
| p Value | 0.0620 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0185 | 0.2225 | 0.2646 | 0.5218 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | RYGB | 1.12 (1.11 to 1.13) | 1.29 (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.40 (1.38 to 1.42) | 1.46 (1.43 to 1.48) | 1.46 (1.42 to 1.50) | 1.42 (1.38 to 1.47) | 1.42 (1.34 to 1.50) |
| Controls | 1.16 (1.15 to 1.17) | 1.18 (1.16 to 1.19) | 1.19 (1.18 to 1.21) | 1.21 (1.20 to 1.23) | 1.24 (1.22 to 1.26) | 1.23 (1.20 to 1.27) | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.29) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | RYGB | 140 (140 to 141] | 128 (127 to 129) | 129 (128 to 130) | 130 (129 to 131) | 130 (129 to 131) | 131 (129 to 133) | 131 (128 to 133) |
| Controls | 134 (133 to 134) | 132 (132 to 133) | 133 (132 to 133) | 132 (131 to 132) | 132 (131 to 133) | 131 (130 to 132) | 131 (130 to 133) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0180 | 0.8663 | 0.7038 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | RYGB | 83.4 (83.1 to 83.6) | 76.4 (76.0 to 76.9) | 77.0 (76.5 to 77.5) | 76.9 (76.4 to 77.5) | 77.9 (77.1 to 78.7) | 77.7 (76.7 to 78.8) | 78.6 (76.9 to 80.4) |
| Controls | 79.8 (79.6 to 80.0) | 78.8 (78.5 to 79.1) | 78.7 (78.3 to 79.0) | 78.0 (77.6 to 78.4) | 77.8 (77.3 to 78.3) | 78.1 (77.4 to 78.8) | 77.7 (76.7 to 78.8) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0025 | 0.7640 | 0.6138 | 0.3957 | |
| Blood pressure medication (%) | RYGB | 62.2 (61.0 to 63.4) | 60.4 (58.6 to 62.2) | 59.5 (57.5 to 61.5) | 58.9 (56.6 to 61.3) | 60.3 (57.2 to 63.4) | 64.4 (59.7 to 68.7) | 62.7 (54.5 to 70.2) |
| Controls | 64.6 (63.5 to 65.7) | 67.7 (66.4 to 69.0) | 69.3 (67.9 to 70.7) | 70.3 (68.7 to 71.8) | 71.1 (69.1 to 73.0) | 73.9 (70.9 to 76.6) | 73.4 (68.6 to 77.7) | |
| p Value | 0.0021 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0173 | |
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | RYGB | 37.5 (36.3 to 38.7) | 43.5 (41.5 to 45.5) | 41.7 (39.5 to 44.0) | 41.5 (38.8 to 44.3) | 43.4 (39.6 to 47.3) | 45.8 (40.7 to 51.1) | 54.1 (44.7 to 63.3) |
| Controls | 48.2 (46.9 to 49.4) | 52.4 (51.0 to 53.8) | 54.1 (52.5 to 55.6) | 54.8 (53.1 to 56.6) | 56.6 (54.3 to 58.9) | 57.6 (54.3 to 60.7) | 60.3 (54.9 to 65.5) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.2523 | |
| Glucose-lowering medication (%) | RYGB | 81.1 (80.1 to 82.1) | 59.1 (57.0 to 61.3) | 59.0 (56.5 to 61.5) | 62.6 (59.5 to 65.6) | 65.0 (60.6 to 69.1) | 72.5 (66.8 to 77.5) | 72.8 (62.9 to 80.9) |
| Controls | 83.3 (82.4 to 84.2) | 86.1 (84.9 to 87.1) | 87.6 (86.4 to 88.8) | 87.7 (86.2 to 89.1) | 88.4 (86.4 to 90.1) | 88.5 (85.6 to 90.8) | 90.4 (86.1 to 93.5) | |
| p Value | 0.0014 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Smokers (%) | RYGB | 14.1 (13.2 to 15.0) | 13.4 (12.0 to 14.8) | 13.6 (12.2 to 15.1) | 13.3 (11.5 to 15.3) | 15.4 (12.8 to 18.4) | 14.8 (11.7 to 18.6) | 9.5 (5.6 to 15.7) |
| Controls | 17.1 (16.2 to 18.1) | 15.7 (14.7 to 16.8) | 16.2 (15.1 to 17.4) | 14.8 (13.6 to 16.1) | 15.4 (13.9 to 17.1) | 16.1 (13.9 to 18.6) | 13.8 (11.5 to 16.4) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | 0.0048 | 0.0035 | 0.1527 | 0.9777 | 0.5315 | 0.1728 | |
| Physical activity (%) | RYGB | 53.1 (50.7 to 55.5) | 54.6 (52.4 to 56.8) | 54.8 (52.3 to 57.3) | 49.1 (45.9 to 52.3) | 47.9 (43.1 to 52.7) | 48.2 (41.8 to 54.6) | 41.0 (31.5 to 51.2) |
| Controls | 40.0 (37.1 to 42.9) | 39.7 (38.0 to 41.4) | 42.6 (40.8 to 44.6) | 42.2 (40.0 to 44.4) | 42.1 (39.2 to 45.1) | 40.8 (37.1 to 44.6) | 40.5 (34.3 to 47.0) | |
| p Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0354 | 0.0475 | 0.9357 |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.