Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the association of DASH score (10-unit increment or tertiles) and diabetes status
| Outcome levels compared | DASH (10 units) | DASH tertile | |||||
| Medium versus low (less healthy) | High (healthiest) versus low (less healthy) | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Diabetes (two levels) | |||||||
| Diabetes versus pre-diabetes and normal glucose | Model 1 | 1.08 | (1.01 to 1.15) | 0.94 | (0.79 to 1.11) | 1.20 | (1.02 to 1.41) |
| Model 2 | 1.13 | (1.05 to 1.21) | 0.95 | (0.80 to 1.13) | 1.31 | (1.11 to 1.54) | |
| Model 3 | 1.15 | (1.06 to 1.24) | 0.95 | (0.79 to 1.14) | 1.30 | (1.08 to 1.57) | |
| Diabetes (three levels) | |||||||
| Pre-diabetes versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 0.92 | (0.87 to 0.97) | 1.02 | (0.88 to 1.19) | 0.84 | (0.73 to 0.97) |
| Model 2 | 0.95 | (0.89 to 1.01) | 1.03 | (0.89 to 1.20) | 0.90 | (0.77 to 1.03) | |
| Model 3 | 0.95 | (0.90 to 1.01) | 1.01 | (0.87 to 1.18) | 0.89 | (0.77 to 1.04) | |
| Diabetes versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 1.02 | (0.95 to 1.11) | 0.95 | (0.79 to 1.14) | 1.08 | (0.91 to 1.29) |
| Model 2 | 1.09 | (1.01 to 1.18) | 0.97 | (0.80 to 1.18) | 1.22 | (1.02 to 1.47) | |
| Model 3 | 1.11 | (1.01 to 1.21) | 0.95 | (0.77 to 1.17) | 1.20 | (0.97 to 1.47) | |
| Diabetes (seven levels) | |||||||
| Pre-diabetes versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 0.92 | (0.87 to 0.97) | 1.02 | (0.88 to 1.19) | 0.84 | (0.73 to 0.97) |
| Model 2 | 0.95 | (0.89 to 1.01) | 1.03 | (0.89 to 1.20) | 0.90 | (0.77 to 1.03) | |
| Model 3 | 0.95 | (0.90 to 1.01) | 1.01 | (0.87 to 1.18) | 0.89 | (0.77 to 1.04) | |
| Self-report controlled diabetes (medications) versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 1.09 | (0.95 to 1.25) | 1.09 | (0.81 to 1.47) | 1.34 | (0.98 to 1.83) |
| Model 2 | 1.17 | (1.02 to 1.35) | 1.12 | (0.82 to 1.51) | 1.55 | (1.12 to 2.14) | |
| Model 3 | 1.18 | (1.02 to 1.36) | 1.08 | (0.79 to 1.48) | 1.50 | (1.08 to 2.09) | |
| Self-report controlled diabetes (no medications) versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 1.31 | (1.09 to 1.58) | 1.35 | (0.82 to 2.22) | 1.63 | (1.03 to 2.59) |
| Model 2 | 1.38 | (1.14 to 1.66) | 1.40 | (0.84 to 2.31) | 1.81 | (1.14 to 2.88) | |
| Model 3 | 1.40 | (1.15 to 1.69) | 1.36 | (0.81 to 2.29) | 1.80 | (1.11 to 2.90) | |
| Self-report uncontrolled diabetes (medications) versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 1.00 | (0.89 to 1.13) | 1.00 | (0.74 to 1.36) | 1.05 | (0.79 to 1.37) |
| Model 2 | 1.08 | (0.95 to 1.22) | 1.04 | (0.76 to 1.41) | 1.19 | (0.90 to 1.58) | |
| Model 3 | 1.10 | (0.96 to 1.25) | 1.02 | (0.73 to 1.42) | 1.18 | (0.87 to 1.60) | |
| elf-report uncontrolled diabetes (no medications) versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 1.02 | (0.78 to 1.34) | 0.92 | (0.52 to 1.62) | 1.02 | (0.54 to 1.91) |
| Model 2 | 1.08 | (0.82 to 1.43) | 0.95 | (0.53 to 1.69) | 1.15 | (0.60 to 2.19) | |
| Model 3 | 1.13 | (0.85 to 1.50) | 0.94 | (0.52 to 1.71) | 1.17 | (0.61 to 2.26) | |
| Unrecognized diabetes versus normal glucose | Model 1 | 0.95 | (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.79 | (0.63 to 0.99) | 0.93 | (0.73 to 1.19) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | (0.90 to 1.12) | 0.80 | (0.64 to 1.01) | 1.03 | (0.81 to 1.32) | |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | (0.89 to 1.13) | 0.77 | (0.60 to 0.98) | 0.98 | (0.75 to 1.27) | |
Model 1: DASH + heritage + age + sex + diabetes family history + current smoker + dietary acculturation + education + income + field center + energy intake.
Model 2: Model 1 + body mass index + waist circumference.
Model 3: Model 2 + HOMA-IR.
DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance.