Table 3

Final multivariable logistic regression models for initial DFE follow-up adherence

Variable		All patients		Mild		Severe
Variable		Adjusted OR	p Value	Adjusted OR	p Value	Adjusted OR	p Value
Severity (vs. mild*)	Moderate	1.08 (0.69,1.69)	0.0002	N/A
Severity (vs. mild*)	Severe	1.86 (1.39, 2.50)	0.0002	N/A
Gender (male vs female*)		1.16 (0.94, 1.43)	0.16	1.24 (0.97, 1.58)	0.085	†
Age (≥65 vs <65*)		†		†		0.57 (0.33, 1.00)	0.049
BCVA in worse eye (visual impairment vs normal*)		2.38 (1.84, 3.08)	<0.0001	2.42 (1.76, 3.32)	<0.0001	2.21 (1.34, 3.64)	0.0018
Insurance (vs no insurance*)	Medicaid	1.04 (0.75, 1.43)	0.15	0.92 (0.63, 1.35)	0.058*	1.26 (0.65, 2.45)	0.11*
	Medicare	1.39 (1.00, 1.94)		1.25 (0.84, 1.86)		2.10 (1.04, 4.27)
	Medicaid and Medicare	0.79 (0.37, 1.70)		0.71 (0.29, 1.72)		1.82 (0.23, 14.3)
	Private/other/Vision	1.01 (0.74, 1.37)		0.76 (0.52, 1.10)		2.10 (1.15, 3.86)
HbA1C in chart (yes vs no*)		1.74 (1.37, 2.21)	<0.0001	1.98 (1.51, 2.60)	<0.0001	†
Blood sugar in chart (yes vs no*)		1.82 (1.45, 2.29)	<0.0001	1.89 (1.43, 2.49)	<0.0001	2.01 (1.25, 3.22)	0.0038
Current smoking status (smoker vs no*)		0.54 (0.41, 0.71)	<0.0001	0.54 (0.39, 0.73)	<0.0001	†
Medications (mental health) (yes vs no*)		†		†		0.48 (0.20, 1.12)	0.089
Wears glasses (yes vs no*)		†		1.21 (0.93, 1.59)	0.16	†
Cataract (yes vs no*)		1.53 (1.16, 2.01)	0.0023	1.50 (1.09, 2.05)	0.012	†
Glaucoma (yes vs no*)		1.45 (1.04, 2.03)	0.029	1.54 (1.04, 2.28)	0.032	†
Non-diabetic retinal disease (yes vs no*)		3.77 (2.57, 5.51)	<0.0001	5.77 (3.41, 9.78)	<0.0001	1.95 (1.07, 3.57)	0.030
Other ocular comorbidity (yes vs no*)		1.52 (1.22, 1.89)	0.0001	1.46 (1.13, 1.87)	0.0032	1.61 (0.97, 2.67)	0.063

*Reference group.
†Removed from final model via backwards elimination (p>0.2).
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; DFE, dilated fundus exam; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.