Table 2

Mixed-effects models for change in glycaemic control (HbA1_c) during the first 6 months postdiagnosis in children with type 1 diabetes and attending paediatric diabetes clinics in East London

Covariates	Model1: growth model (Mean difference in HbA1_c, mmol/mol, (95% CI))	Model 2: plus age at diagnosis (Mean difference in HbA1_c, mmol/mol, (95% CI))	Model 3: plus ethnicity (Mean difference in HbA1_c, mmol/mol, (95% CI))	Model 4: plus socioeconomic status (Mean difference in HbA1_c, mmol/mol, (95% CI))	Model 5: plus pediatric diabetes clinic (Mean difference in HbA1_c, mmol/mol, (95% CI))
Fixed effects
Constant/intercept	95.1 (92.4, 97.7)	97. 9 (92.5, 103.4)	93.5 (87.8, 99.3)	91.1 (84.9, 97.2)	90.4 (84.3, 96.5)
Duration
Linear	−19.6 (−21.1, −18.1)	−19.6 (−21.1, −18.1)	−19.6 (−21.1, −18.1)	−19.6 (−21.1, −18.1)	−19.6 (−21.2, −18.1)
Quadratic	2.4 (2.2, 2.7)	2.4 (2.2, 2.7)	2.4 (2.2, 2.7)	2.4 (2.2, 2.7)	2.4 (2.2, 2.7)
Sex
Male		Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Female		−2.5 (−5.2, 0.1)	−1.9 (−4.6, 0.7)	−1.9 (−4.5, 0.7)	−1.9 (−4.5, 0.7)
Age at diagnosis		0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)	0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)	0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)	0.1 (−0.3, 0.3)
Ethnicity
White			Ref	Ref	Ref
Mixed ethnicity			4.1 (−0.9, 9.1)	4.6 (−0.4, 9.7)	3.9 (−1.0, 8.9)
Black			3.3 (−0.9, 7.4)	3.7 (−0.5, 8.0)	4.0 (−0.1, 8.1)
African-Somali			4.1 (−0.8, 9.1)	5.1 (0.1, 10.1)	4.5 (−0.5, 9.4)
Bangladeshi			8.8 (4.3, 13.3)	9.3 (4.7, 14.0)	9.4 (4.8, 13.9)
Asian-Other			5.8 (2.3, 9.4)	5.7 (2.2, 9.3)	3.9 (0.2, 7.6)
Socioeconomic status
Quartile 1 (poorest)				Ref	Ref
Quartile 2				3.2 (−0.3, 6.7)	2.6 (−0.8, 6.1)
Quartile 3				3.9 (0.2, 7.6)	2.5 (−1.1, 6.3)
Quartile 4 (richest)				2.5 (−1.5, 6.5)	2.7 (−1.3, 6.7)
Pediatric diabetes clinic
Clinic 1					Ref
Clinic 2					1.7 (−2.1, 5.4)
Clinic 3					6.1 (2.8, 9.3)
Interclass correlation	0.77	0.77	0.76	0.76	0.76
Goodness of fit
Aikake information criterion (AIC)	8690.614	8690.926	8682.079	8683.001	8673.485
Bayesian information criterion (BIC)	8725.161	8735.345	8751.175	8766.902	8767.257
−2 Log-likelihood	8676	8672	8654	8648	8635