Baseline characteristics at the time of biopsy
| Data (%) | Diabetic nephropathy only (n=94) | Mixed pathologies (n=97) | Non-diabetic renal disease only (n=72) | p Value | |
| Age | 100 | 58±10 | 55±11 | 59±11 | 0.12 |
| Male (n (%)) | 100 | 62 (66) | 64 (66) | 39 (54) | 0.18 |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | 100 | ||||
| Māori/Pāsifika | 65 (69) | 70 (72) | 39 (55) | ||
| European | 14 (15) | 13 (13) | 21 (29) | 0.31 | |
| East or South Asian | 14 (15) | 13 (14) | 11 (15) | ||
| Others | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 87 | 33±6 | 34±7 | 36±12 | 0.14 |
| Duration of T2D (years)* | 99 | 10 (7–18) | 11 (5–16) | 4 (2–10)† ‡ | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 97 | 64±20 | 66±21 | 56±13† ‡ | 0.002 |
| (%) | 8.0±1.8 | 8.2±1.9 | 7.3±1.2 | ||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 81 | 145±18 | 147±24 | 142±20 | 0.57 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 81 | 81±10 | 81±13 | 81±13 | 0.91 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (n (%)) | 93 | ||||
| None | 17 (19) | 24 (26) | 50 (78)† ‡ | ||
| Minimal–moderate | 24 (27) | 26 (28) | 12 (19) | <0.001 | |
| Severe | 47 (54) | 43 (46) | 2 (3)† ‡ | ||
| Estimated GFR* (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 100 | 28 (16–43) | 28 (16–47) | 41† ‡ (25–71) | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria (mg/day) (n (%)) | 97 | ||||
| ≤300 | 10 (11) | 8 (9) | 14 (21) | ||
| 301–3500 | 32 (35) | 31 (33) | 28 (41) | 0.01 | |
| >3500 | 51 (54) | 54 (58) | 26 (38)† ‡ | ||
| Smoking (n (%)) | 90 | ||||
| None | 39 (48) | 31 (34) | 27 (44) | ||
| Previous | 29 (35) | 36 (39) | 22 (35) | 0.68 | |
| Current | 14 (17) | 25 (27) | 13 (21) | ||
| Prescribed drugs (n (%)) | |||||
| RAS inhibitors | 99.5 | 80 (93) | 87 (90) | 62 (86) | 0.69 |
| Aspirin | 100 | 66 (68) | 61 (63) | 37 (51) | 0.09 |
| Statin | 99.5 | 64 (69) | 72 (74) | 53 (74) | 0.67 |
*Results expressed as median (IQR).
† p<0.05 comparing DN and NDRD groups.
‡p<0.05 comparing NDRD and mixed groups.
§p<0.05 comparing DN and mixed groups.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DN, diabetic nephropathy; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NDRD, non-diabetic renal disease.