Time (min)†‡ | Carbohydrates first (CF) | Carbohydrates last (CL) | Sandwich (S) | |
Glucose iAUC (mmol/L×min)* | 0–180 | 372.0±50.2§ | 173.4±27.8§¶ | 310.08±46.0¶ |
Insulin iAUC (pmol/L×min)* | 0–180 | 67850.6±6959.6§ | 51074.2±6231.7§ | 61541.0±7295.7 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 iAUC (pmol/L×min)* | 0–180 | 763.8±150.0§ | 1057.4±99.4§ | 956.1±136.3 |
*Values are expressed in SI units as mean±SEM, n=16.
†Blood samples were collected immediately before the meal (t=0 min) and at 30, 60, 90, and 180 min after the start of the meal.
‡Intervals were measured in minutes from the start of the meal. The 30-minute time point was immediately collected after the meal was finished.
§Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between CF and CL.
¶Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between CL and S.