Baseline characteristics of patients (n=230)
| tDNA-MI (n=58) | tDNA-CC (n=57) | UC (n=115) | p Value | |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 78.3±20.9 | 74.6±16.0 | 75.8±18.6 | 0.218 |
| Height (cm) | 159.6±15.1 | 157.0±7.5 | 163.6±12.4 | 0.005* |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 30.7±8.2 | 29.4±7.3 | 28.9±6.3 | 0.171 |
| Waist circumference (cm)† | 102.9±14.5 | 101.8±10.7 | 100.7±11.7 | 0.546 |
| Body composition | ||||
| Body fat (%) | 38.3±10.2 | 39.3±7.1 | 35.4±10.0 | <0.001* |
| Biochemical | ||||
| A1c (%) | 7.7±1.1 | 7.7±1.4 | 7.9±1.3 | 0.368 |
| A1c (mmol/mol) | 61±12 | 61±15 | 63±14 | 0.368 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.9±1.8 | 7.6±2.9 | 7.8±2.7 | <0.001* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 4.7±0.8 | 4.9±1.0 | 4.9±0.9 | 0.485 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L)† | 2.72±0.76 | 2.94±0.88 | 2.91±0.77 | 0.247 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.29±0.37 | 1.19±0.22 | 1.19±0.28 | 0.126 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.45±0.75 | 1.46±0.89 | 1.52±0.73 | 0.340 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 5.2±6.5 | 5.6±9.0 | 3.3±6.2 | 0.103 |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic (mm Hg) | 132±20 | 136±20 | 134±24 | 0.697 |
| Diastolic (mm Hg)† | 77±9 | 79±11 | 80±11 | 0.252 |
| Dietary intake and exercise | ||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day)† | 1665±408 | 1588±304 | 1733±486 | 0.112 |
| Exercise (min/week) | 114±131 | 80±158 | 55±155 | 0.077 |
All data expressed as median±IQR.
*Significant difference between groups at p<0.05 by one-way analysis of variance for parametric data and by Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametric data.
†Data presented as mean±SD.
A1c, glycated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; tDNA-CC, trans-cultural diabetes nutrition algorithm-conventional counseling; tDNA-MI; trans-cultural diabetes nutrition algorithm-motivational interviewing; UC, usual care.