Physiologic responses to ST-EX and BI-EX (experimental days 2 and 3)
| Type 2 diabetes | IGT | All | |
| (n=7) | (n=7) | (n=14) | |
| ST-EX | |||
| Average HR (bpm) | 120.3±4.6 | 128.1±8.1 | 124.2±7.5 |
| Average exercise intensity (%HRR) | 57.9±5.5 | 57.7±5.5 | 57.8±5.3 |
| Average steady-state HR (bpm) a | 124.4±3.9 | 130.7±7.4 | 127.6±6.6 |
| Average steady-state exercise intensity (%HRR) b | 62.5±5.2 | 60.1±5.0 | 61.3±5.0 |
| Steady-state HR fluctuation (bpm) c | 7.0±1.6 | 9.9±1.9** | 8.4±2.2** |
| Blood lactate (mmol/L)d | 3.3±0.5* | 3.6±1.3* | 3.5±1.0* |
| Stepping rate (steps/min) | 92.0±5.4† | 101.9±7.5 | 96.9±8.1 |
| Exercise duration (s) | 508±79 | 465±30 | 486±62 |
| BI-EX | |||
| Average HR (bpm) | 122.9±4.3 | 127.0±11.3 | 124.9±8.5 |
| Average exercise intensity (%HRR) | 60.7±4.9 | 56.6±9.0 | 58.6±7.3 |
| Average steady-state HR (bpm) a | 126.1±4.0 | 130.1±10.5 | 128.1±7.9 |
| Average steady-state exercise intensity (%HRR) b | 64.1±5.0 | 59.6±8.2 | 61.9±6.9 |
| Steady-state HR fluctuation (bpm) c | 5.6±1.0 | 5.3±1.1 | 5.4±1.0 |
| Blood lactate (mmol/L) d | 4.3±1.2 | 4.7±1.2 | 4.5±1.2 |
| Work rate (W) | 64.3±18.8 | 82.1±15.5 | 73.2±19.0 |
| Exercise duration (s) | 506±78 | 472±34 | 489±61 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD.
a, b and c indicate the average HR, average %HRR and maximal HR minus minimal HR during the last 8 repetitions (~4 min) of ST-EX or during the last 4 min of BI-EX, respectively.
d indicates the plasma lactate level at 1 min after the end of ST-EX or BI-EX.
* and ** indicate the presence of significant differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) from BI-EX.
† indicates the presence of a significant difference (p<0.05) from IGT.
BI-EX, bicycle exercise; bpm, beats per minute; HR, heart rate; %HRR, percentage of age-predicted heart rate reserve; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; ST-EX, stair climbing–descending exercise.