Measurements and attained treatment targets in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice in Norway in 2014 (ROSA 4) and 2005 (ROSA 3)
| Measurements and attained targets | Valid cases, 2014/2005(%) | 2014 (n=9464) Means or percentages | 2005 (n=5463) Means or percentages | Change from 2005 to 2014 with 95% CI‡ Means or percentage points | ||
| Measurements | Observed, with 95% CI† | Adjusted‡ | Observed | Adjusted‡ | ||
| HbA1c | ||||||
| % | 86/92 | 7.0 (6.9 to 7.1) | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | −0.2 (−0.3 to −0.0)* |
| mmol/mol | 86/92 | 52.9 (52.2 to 53.5) | 52.9 | 54.6 | 54.5 | −1.6 (−2.9 to −0.4)* |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 87/90 | 135.1 (134.2 to 136.0) | 135.3 | 138.9 | 138.6 | −3.3 (−4.8 to −1.8)** |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 86/90 | 78.0 (77.5 to 78.4) | 77.9 | 78.9 | 79.0 | −1.1 (−1.9 to −0.2)* |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 89/89 | 4.7 (4.6 to 4.7) | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.1 | −0.4 (−0.5 to −0.3)** |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 84/41 | 2.8 (2.7 to 2.8) | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | −0.3 (−0.4 to −0.3)** |
| Targets | ||||||
| HbA1c (%)(mmol/mol) | ||||||
| ≤7.0 (≤53) | 86/92 | 62.8 (60.6 to 65.0) | 62.6 | 54.3 | 54.6 | +8.0 (3.8 to 12.1)** |
| Diet only | 79/86 | 85.8 (83.1 to 88.5) | 85.9 | 83.7 | 83.5 | +2.4 (−1.5 to 6.4) |
| Medicated | 90/94 | 53.5 (51.0 to 56.0) | 52.8 | 43.7 | 44.9 | +7.9 (3.1 to 12.6)** |
| ≤7.5 (≤58) | 86/92 | 75.6 (74.6 to 77.5) | 75.4 | 69.4 | 69.6 | +5.8 (2.3 to 9.4)** |
| With CHD | 87/92 | 74.3 (71.7 to 76.9) | 74.2 | 67.9 | 68.1 | +6.1 (1.2 to 11.0) |
| ≤8.0 (≤64) | 86/92 | 85.6 (84.2 to 87.0) | 85.5 | 81.4 | 81.6 | +3.9 (1.5 to 6.2)** |
| With CHD | 87/92 | 84.5 (82.3 to 86.7) | 84.4 | 80.2 | 80.4 | +4.1 (0.1 to 8.0) |
| >9.0 (>75) | 86/92 | 5.6 (4.7 to 6.4) | 5.6 | 6.9 | 6.9 | −1.3 (−2.6 to −0.0) |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| ≤135/80 mm Hg | 87/90 | 44.9 (41.9 to 47.9) | 44.7 | 36.6 | 37.0 | +7.7 (3.2 to 12.2)** |
| Medicated | 92/94 | 41.3 (38.6 to 44.2) | 41.1 | 31.2 | 31.5 | +9.6 (5.1 to 14.1)** |
| >140/85 mm Hg | ||||||
| Unmedicated | 79/82 | 29.7 (26.1 to 33.2) | 29.6 | 32.3 | 32.4 | −2.8 (−8.2 to 2.6) |
| Combined target§ | 87/90 | 50.3 (47.5 to 53.0) | 50.0 | 42.3 | 42.8 | +7.2 (2.8 to 11.6)** |
| Lipids (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Cholesterol ≤4.5 | 89/89 | 49.9 (48.2 to 51.6) | 49.5 | 33.5 | 34.1 | +15.4 (12.2 to 18.6)** |
| Medicated | 94/96 | 65.3 (63.6 to 67.0) | 64.8 | 49.9 | 51.0 | +13.7 (10.0 to 17.4)** |
| LDL ≤2.5 | 84/41 | 46.3 (44.5 to 48.1) | 46.1 | 29.3 | 29.8 | +16.3 (12.4 to 20.2)** |
| Medicated | 90/44 | 62.3 (60.7 to 64.0) | 62.1 | 44.8 | 46.1 | +16.0 (10.8 to 21.1)** |
| LDL≤1.8 | ||||||
| With CHD | 85/36 | 29.7 (27.3 to 32.0) | 29.2 | 13.0 | 13.9 | +15.3 (11.8 to 18.7)** |
| LDL target 2009¶ | 82/21 | 51.9 (50.3 to 53.5) | 51.8 | 6.4 | 6.6 | +45.2 (43.2 to 47.2)** |
| Attained targets†† | 75/79 | ** | ||||
| 0 | 10.5 (9.5 to 11.6) | 10.6 | 19.7 | 19.5 | −8.9 (−11.2 to −6.5) | |
| 1 | 35.0 (33.3 to 36.7) | 35.3 | 42.7 | 42.3 | −7.0 (−9.6 to −4.4) | |
| 2 | 38.4 (37.1 to 39.7) | 38.1 | 30.2 | 30.8 | +7.3 (4.9 to 9.7) | |
| 3 | 16.1 (14.6 to 17.5) | 16.1 | 7.4 | 7.5 | +8.6 (6.5 to 10.7) | |
*P≤0.01, **P≤0.001.
†Based on data as registered, 95% CIs were adjusted for clustering within GP practices.
‡Adjusted for sex, age, county and clustering within GP practices.
§Combined target: ≤135/80 mm Hg with antihypertensives or ≤140/85 mm Hg without antihypertensives.
¶For patients with cardiovascular disease: LDL ≤1.8 mmol/L. For patients without cardiovascular disease; LDL ≤2.5 mmol/L on lipid-lowering therapy, LDL ≤3.5 mmol/L without lipid-lowering therapy.
††For patients who have measured all of HbA1c, blood pressure and lipids: HbA1c ≤7.0% (53 mmol/mol), blood pressure ≤135/80 mm Hg and cholesterol ≤4.5 mmol/L.
CHD, coronary heart disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GP, general practitioner; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ROSA 3, Rogaland-Oslo-Salten study; ROSA 4, Rogaland-Oslo-Salten-Akershus-Hordaland study; SBP, systolic blood pressure.