Baseline characteristics of the full analysis set
| Variables | Liraglutide (n=63) | Placebo (n=59) | P value |
| Age (years) | 63.8 (8.2) 66.3 (44.1; 78.0) n=63 | 63.6 (7.7) 65.0 (38.9; 77.3) n=59 | 0.88 |
| Female | 23 (36.5%) | 20 (33.9%) | 0.91 |
| HbA1c (IFCC) (mmol/mol) | 74.6 (10.8) 73.0 (53.0; 103.0) n=63 | 74.4 (12.0) 73.0 (54.0; 101.0) n=59 | 0.92 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 17.3 (7.7) 16.0 (4.0; 40.0) n=63 | 17.0 (8.2) 16.0 (2.0; 35.0) n=59 | 0.88 |
| Total daily meal and basal insulin (units) | 105.3 (44.9) 100.0 (28.0; 228.0) n=63 | 105.6 (41.5) 100.0 (42.0; 230.0) n=59 | 0.97 |
| Meal insulin/total insulin | 0.457 (0.121) 0.452 (0.196; 0.750) n=63 | 0.435 (0.135) 0.439 (0.082; 0.750) n=59 | 0.34 |
| Metformin users | 43 (68.3%) | 43 (72.9%) | 0.72 |
| Weight (kg) | 98.8 (14.1) 100.0 (69.0; 134.9) n=63 | 99.8 (14.8) 96.0 (72.5; 139.2) n=59 | 0.70 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.7 (4.3) 33.3 (27.3; 44.0) n=63 | 33.5 (4.0) 33.5 (27.7; 43.0) n=59 | 0.75 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 116.1 (10.2) 116.0 (95.0; 135.5) n=61 | 115.7 (10.6) 113.0 (101.0; 144.8) n=57 | 0.81 |
| Waist:hip ratio | 1.03 (0.07) 1.04 (0.82; 1.16) n=60 | 1.04 (0.06) 1.04 (0.90; 1.22) n=57 | 0.54 |
| Sagittal abdominal diameter (cm) | 27.9 (3.5) 27.5 (20.5; 36.9) n=63 | 27.8 (3.5) 27.2 (22.0; 36.7) n=58 | 0.78 |
| CGM SD (mmol/L) | 2.98 (0.71) 2.95 (1.64; 4.84) n=62 | 2.97 (0.79) 2.77 (1.72; 5.80) n=57 | 0.94 |
| CGM mean (mmol/L) | 10.9 (2.3) 10.5 (5.7; 16.6) n=62 | 10.7 (2.2) 10.0 (6.9; 16.7) n=57 | 0.56 |
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 0.651 (0.477) 0.560 (0.090; 3.100) n=63 | 0.727 (0.494) 0.620 (0.100; 2.600) n=59 | 0.39 |
| Fasting proinsulin (pmol/L) | 18.9 (23.4) 12.0 (3.3; 136.0) n=63 | 21.4 (22.2) 15.0 (3.3; 99.0) n=58 | 0.56 |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 4.47 (2.17) 4.20 (1.70; 11.00) n=63 | 4.39 (2.21) 3.85 (2.00; 15.00) n=58 | 0.84 |
For categorical variables, n (%) is presented.
For continuous variables, mean (SD), median (minimum; maximum) and n are presented.
For comparison between groups, Fisher’s exact test was used for dichotomous variables and Fisher’s non-parametric permutation test was used for continuous variables.
BMI, body mass index; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry.