Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | P value for difference | |||||
0.38–0.69 | 0.70–0.79 | 0.80–0.89 | 0.90–1.10 | Total | ||
Age, years | 42.4 (7.6) | 42.3 (7.1) | 42.2 (7.2) | 43.2 (7.2) | 42.5 (7.2) | 0.02 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 5.58 (0.69) | 5.50 (0.66) | 5.48 (0.56) | 5.52 (0.61) | 5.51 (0.62) | 0.04 |
Fasting | 58.5 | 64.2 | 69.4 | 69.2 | 66.6 | <0.01 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.2 (3.3) | 23.5 (3.2) | 23.7 (2.9) | 24.3 (3.2) | 23.7 (3.1) | <0.01 |
Family history | 21.2 | 13.7 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 0.08 |
High physical activity | 35.7 | 35.2 | 38.8 | 45.0 | 38.8 | <0.01 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Never smokers | 19.8 | 23.4 | 27.4 | 30.4 | 26.1 | < 0.01 |
Past smokers | 16.1 | 20.1 | 25.6 | 27.1 | 23.2 | < 0.01 |
Current smokers | ||||||
<20 cigarettes/day | 11.6 | 9.6 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 0.33 |
≥20 cigarettes/day | 52.5 | 46.8 | 38.2 | 33.0 | 41.2 | <0.001 |
Non-drinkers, | 20.3 | 21.6 | 21.9 | 26.2 | 22.7 | 0.01 |
Light drinkers | ||||||
<23 g ethanol/day | 41.0 | 47.5 | 50.8 | 48.7 | 48.2 | 0.02 |
Moderate drinkers | ||||||
23–45 g ethanol/day | 20.9 | 19.7 | 17.4 | 15.1 | 17.9 | <0.01 |
Heavy drinkers | ||||||
≥46 g ethanol/day | 17.8 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 11.1 | <0.01 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or %.