| Overall | DM | No DM | OR (95% CI) | Overall | DM | No DM | OR (95% CI) | |
| Categorical variables | ||||||||
| Male† | 1034 (46.2%) | 288 (57.5%) | 746 (42.2%) | 2.0 (0.9 to 3.3) | 3561 (43.8%) | 1091 (50.1%) | 2470 (41.4%) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) |
| Obese‡ | 1542 (54.1%) | 527 (72.9%) | 1015 (43.4%) | 3.5 (1.8 to 6.7) | 3695 (46.4%) | 1253 (57.6%) | 2442 (42.1%) | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1) |
| Family history of DM | 1647 (55.1%) | 586 (71.8%) | 1061 (49.0%) | 2.7 (1.0 to 6.7) | 1079 (10.8%) | 437 (16.4%) | 642 (8.7%) | 2.1 (1.8,2.4) |
| Reduced HDL § | 1528 (38.2%) | 461 (47.2%) | 1067 (34.9%) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.4) | 5510 (69.6%) | 1453 (66.2%) | 3766 (65.8%) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) |
| Elevated LDL¶ | 302 (7.3%) | 76 (9.1%) | 226 (6.7%) | 4.1 (0.6 to 3.6) | 1091 (13.0%) | 427 (18.5%) | 664 (10.9%) | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) |
| Elevated triglycerides** | 1186 (34.1%) | 420 (42.0%) | 766 (31.3%) | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.4) | 2274 (28.3%) | 956 (43.2%) | 1318 (22.7%) | 2.6 (2.3 to 3.0) |
| Elevated LFT†† | 1274 (24.7%) | 347 (22.5) | 927 (24.4) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 2991 (36.7%) | 959 (44.1%) | 2032 (33.9%) | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7) |
| History of smoking‡‡ | 922 (30.7%) | 276 (43.6%) | 646 (26.2%) | 2.2 (1.0 to 5.0) | 1168 (14.3%) | 317 (14.2%) | 851 (14.3%) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) |
| Alcohol consumption§§ | 1134 (37.5%) | 263 (33.2%) | 871 (40.4%) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 882 (10.9%) | 228 (10.5%) | 654 (11.1%) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) |
| Hypertension¶¶ | 942 (41.3%) | 411 (62.9%) | 531 (33.6%) | 3.3 (1.6 to 6.9) | 2322 (26.9%) | 913 (37.2%) | 1409 (23.0%) | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.2) |
*Continuous variables have mean (SD). Differences are displayed as (mean for DM) – (mean for non-DM). Boldface entries indicate statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.
†Categorical variables have count and per cent. Associations are displayed as OR, [odds(DM)/[odds(no DM)]. Boldface entries indicate statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.
‡Defined as body mass index ≥30 for CCHC and body mass index ≥25.0 for PURSE.
§Defined as HDL <40 for men and <50 for women.
¶Defined as LDL >160 mg/dL.
**Defined as serum triglycerides>150 mg/dL.
††Defined as ALT>40 or AST>40.
‡‡Reported smoking, past or present.
§§Current alcohol consumption, at least occasionally.
¶¶Defined as systolic blood pressure >130 or diastolic blood pressure >85 or taking antihypertensive medication.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LFT, liver function tests.