Subgroup of children seen at 7–9 years: measures at age 2 years
| 7 years subgroup also seen at 2 years (Adelaide) n=79 | P values | 9 years subgroup also seen at 2 years (Auckland) n=99 | P values | |||
| Metformin n=40 | Insulin n=39 | Metformin n=45 | Insulin n=54 | |||
| Age (years) | 2.7±0.2 | 2.7±0.2 | 0.90 | 2.3±0.2 | 2.3±0.3 | 0.29 |
| Male/female (n) | 25/15 | 18/21 | 0.22 | 28/17 | 28/26 | 0.32 |
| Weight (kg) | 14.9±1.6 | 14.8±2.2 | 0.70 | 14.0±2.3 | 13.3±1.9 | 0.09 |
| Height (cm) | 93.3±3.8 | 93.8±4.2 | 0.58 | 89.4±4.7 | 89.9±4.6 | 0.55 |
| Leg length (cm) | 38.7±2.8 | 39.4±2.8 | 0.40 | 37.3±3.2 | 37.7±3.7 | 0.60 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 50.2±1.3 | 49.7±1.7 | 0.17 | 49.3±1.6 | 49.0±2.1 | 0.34 |
| Chest circumference (cm) | 52.8±2.5 | 52.2±3.0 | 0.40 | 52.2±3.0 | 50.7±2.7 | 0.01 |
| Mid-upper arm circumference (cm) | 16.8±1.2 | 16.5±1.4 | 0.25 | 17.5±1.6 | 16.3±1.3 | 0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 51.0±3.0 | 50.2±3.2 | 0.30 | 50.5±3.6 | 48.8±3.7 | 0.02 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 52.6±2.8 | 52.4±3.6 | 0.83 | 51.9±4.2 | 50.3±3.7 | 0.0496 |
| Waist:height ratio | 0.53±0.03 | 0.53±0.02 | 0.24 | 0.56±0.04 | 0.54±0.04 | 0.01 |
| Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 9.5±1.9 | 9.1±2.0 | 0.40 | 10.2±2.2 | 9.8±2.2 | 0.37 |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) | 6.2±1.3 | 5.9±1.4 | 0.31 | 7.2±2.1 | 6.3±1.9 | 0.02 |
| Biceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 5.4±1.4 | 5.0±1.2 | 0.25 | 6.7±1.9 | 5.9±1.9 | 0.046 |
| DXA | n=11 | n=11 | n=28 | n=37 | ||
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 12.1±1.2 | 12.0±1.5 | 0.80 | 11.1±1.5 | 11.0±1.5 | 0.79 |
| Total fat (g) | 2310±643 | 2162±390 | 0.51 | 2406±1016 | 2145±714 | 0.25 |
| Abdominal fat (g) | 122±37 | 109±37 | 0.42 | 127±77 | 123±65 | 0.81 |
| Thigh fat (g) | 264±49 | 257±87 | 0.83 | 258±110 | 246±96 | 0.65 |
| Arm fat (g) | 185±61 | 191±67.0 | 0.82 | 205±114 | 163±79 | 0.10 |
| Abdominal fat:thigh fat ratio | 0.5±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.56 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.5±0.5 | 0.37 |
| Total fat % | 16.0±3.8 | 15.3±2.0 | 0.58 | 17.3±5.1 | 16.0±3.6 | 0.25 |
| Abdominal fat: % of total fat mass | 0.5±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.56 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.5±0.5 | 0.37 |
| Bioimpedance | n=28 | n=31 | n=33 | n=43 | ||
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 12.9±1.4 | 12.7±1.8 | 0.56 | 11.2±1.6 | 11.0±1.5 | 0.67 |
| Total fat % | 12.8±5.5 | 13.6±4.5 | 0.57 | 17.2±5.0 | 17.5±4.8 | 0.80 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD or n (%).
DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.