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Cardiovascular and metabolic risk
Evaluation of vitamin D relationship with type 2 diabetes and systolic blood pressure
  1. Shivananda Bijoor Nayak,
  2. Terry Gavaskar Ramnanansingh
  1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Preclinical Sciences, St Augustine, Trinidad
  1. Correspondence to Professor Shivananda Nayak; Shiv25{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective To investigate whether relationships exist among vitamin D, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and blood pressure in Trinidadian subjects with T2DM.

Research design and methods This was a case–controlled study to determine if vitamin D levels were lower in patients with T2DM. After data analysis, an exploratory hypothesis of vitamin D relationship to systolic blood pressure (SBP) was developed. Plasma calcifediol (25(OH)D) concentrations were used as a measurement for vitamin D levels and were determined by ELISA. Cholesterol levels were measured by an automated dry chemistry analyzer and blood pressure was measured using an automatic blood pressure monitor.

Results There was no significant difference (p=0.139, n=76) in 25(OH)D levels between patients with T2DM and controls. Subjects with SBP above 130 mm Hg were 8 times more likely to have a 25(OH)D plasma concentration above 25 ng/mL (OR 7.9 (2.2 to 28.7)), and were 5 times (OR 4.7 (1.7 to 15.1)) more likely to have a 25(OH)D plasma concentration above 30 ng/mL (OR 7.5 (2.3–24.2)). Vitamin D levels moderately and positively correlated with SBP (rs=0.38, p=0.001).

Conclusions There was no significant difference in the 25(OH)D levels between patients with T2DM and controls (p=0.139). Patients with SBP under 130 mm Hg were 8 times more likely to have a vitamin D level above 25 ng/mL (OR 7.9 (2.2 to 28.7)). Further investigations are required to examine the relationship between vitamin D and SBP.

  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Vitamin D
  • Blood Pressure

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000285

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors TGR contributed to the acquisition of data, analysis, manuscript writing, revisions and accuracy of work. SBN contributed to the conception, drafting, integrity of work, sourcing of funding and correspondence. Both the authors contributed to the final version of the article to be published.

    • Funding This work was supported by the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus (grant number 26600457573).

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Ethics approval Campus Ethics Committee of the University of the West Indies.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data sharing statement All data collected have been published in the article. Additional genetic data will be produced for a future study; however, DNA extraction has not started. The future genetic analysis, which focuses on the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, will be available to the research team and will be published in a future study.