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Metabolism
Exercise training improves adipose tissue metabolism and vasculature regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex
  1. Sanna Maria Honkala1,
  2. Piryanka Motiani1,
  3. Riikka Kivelä2,
  4. Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar2,
  5. Erik Tolvanen2,
  6. Kumail Kumar Motiani1,
  7. Jari-Joonas Eskelinen1,
  8. Kirsi A Virtanen1,
  9. Jukka Kemppainen1,
  10. Marja Anneli Heiskanen1,
  11. Eliisa Löyttyniemi3,
  12. Pirjo Nuutila1,4,
  13. Kari K Kalliokoski1,
  14. Jarna Christina Hannukainen1
  1. 1Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  2. 2Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  3. 3Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  4. 4Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
  1. Correspondence to Dr Jarna Christina Hannukainen; jarna.hannukainen{at}tyks.fi

Abstract

Introduction We investigated the effects of a supervised progressive sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue metabolism and function; we also tested whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex.

Research design and methods 26 insulin-resistant (IR) and 28 healthy participants were randomized into 2-week-long SIT (4–6×30 s at maximum effort) and MICT (40–60 min at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak)). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting-free fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (SATs) were quantified with positron emission tomography. Abdominal SAT biopsies were collected to determine adipocyte morphology, gene expression markers of lipolysis, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Results Training increased glucose uptake in VAT (p<0.001) and femoral SAT (p<0.001) and decreased fatty acid uptake in VAT (p=0.01) irrespective of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. In IR participants, training increased adipose tissue vasculature and decreased CD36 and ANGPTL4 gene expression in abdominal SAT. SIT was superior in increasing VO2peak and VAT glucose uptake in the IR group, whereas MICT reduced VAT fatty acid uptake more than SIT.

Conclusions Short-term training improves adipose tissue metabolism both in healthy and IR participants independently of the sex. Adipose tissue angiogenesis and gene expression was only significantly affected in IR participants.

  • exercise metabolism
  • adipose tissue metabolism
  • insulin resistance
  • positron emission tomography
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000830

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    Footnotes

    • SMH and PM contributed equally.

    • Presented at This study has been previously presented at the ADA 77th Scientific Sessions (2017, USA) and European College of Sport Science Congress (2017, Germany).

    • Contributors SMH and PM shared an equal authorship, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. RK, KAH and ET planned and performed biochemical analyses and interpreted the data; KKM and MAH analyzed the data and edited the manuscript. J-JE and KAV collected the data and edited the manuscript. EL contributed to statistical analysis and edited the manuscript. PN interpreted and edited the manuscript. KKK planned the experiments and edited the manuscript. JCH planned the experiments, interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. JCH is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

    • Funding This study was financially supported by the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, the Orion Research Foundation, the Finnish Diabetes Foundation, the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, the Academy of Finland (grants 251399, 251572, 256470, 281440, 283319 and 297245), the Ministry of Education of the State of Finland, the Paavo Nurmi Foundation, the Novo Nordisk, the Paulo Foundation, the Finnish Medical Foundation, the Turku University Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation and Sigrid Juselius Foundation.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Ethics approval The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland (Turku, Finland, decision 95/180/2010 §228) and was carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave verbal and written informed consent.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data availability statement Data are available on request from the corresponding author (jhannukainen@gmail.com).