Article Text
Abstract
Objective To evaluate overall prevalence and trends of use of any supplements, multivitamins/multiminerals (MVMM), individual vitamins, minerals, and non-vitamin, non-mineral (NVNM) supplements among adults with diabetes in the USA.
Research design and methods We used a nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 1999 and 2014. Information on supplement use in the preceding 30 days was collected during interview over 8 continuous 2-year waves. To account for the complex sampling design, weighted analyses were conducted among 6688 US adults with diabetes aged 20–85 years and also stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, comorbidity status, and diabetes duration.
Results Overall, the prevalence of any supplement use (52%–58%; P for trend=0.08) and that of any mineral use (47%–51%; P for trend=0.23) seemed stable over the years studied. Reported use of MVMM slightly decreased from 36% to 32% (P for trend=0.006). Use of any vitamin products significantly increased from 47% to 52% (P for trend=0.03). Use of some individual supplements, especially vitamin D, choline, lycopene, and fish oil supplements, significantly increased, while some vitamins, minerals and NVNM supplements decreased over the years. In addition, the trend of any supplement use varied by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or education, but not by diabetes duration or diabetic comorbidities.
Conclusions Among US patients with diabetes, use of any dietary supplements or any minerals remained stable, while MVMM use slightly decreased and use of any vitamins increased. Additionally, use of several individual supplements varied significantly over the 16-year period studied.
- dietary supplement
- diabetes
- the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
- multi-vitamins/multi-minerals (MVMM)
- non-vitamin, non-mineral (NVNM)
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Footnotes
Presented at Parts of this work were presented in abstract form at EPI|LIFESTYLE 2018 Scientific Sessions, New Orleans, LA, 20–23 March 2018 and ASN Nutrition 2018, Boston, MA, 8–11 June 2018.
Contributors JL and YS researched data. JL, XL and YS wrote the manuscript. JL and XL reviewed/edited the manuscript. WG-M and YS contributed to the discussion and reviewed/edited the manuscript.
Funding This study was supported by the Indiana University Health-Indiana University School of Medicine Strategic Research Initiative Grant (Ms. Jing Li and Dr. Yiqing Song).
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethics approval All procedures in surveys were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Institutional Review Board.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data availability statement Data are available upon reasonable request. The study’s authors commit to full transparency in this work. To the extent allowed by their institutions’ policies, they will be willing to provide applicable study data, if needed.