RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The effect of slow spaced eating on hunger and satiety in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
JF BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
JO BMJ Open Diab Res Care
FD American Diabetes Association
SP e000013
DO 10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000013
VO 2
IS 1
A1 Theodoros Angelopoulos
A1 Alexander Kokkinos
A1 Christos Liaskos
A1 Nicholas Tentolouris
A1 Kleopatra Alexiadou
A1 Alexander Dimitri Miras
A1 Iordanis Mourouzis
A1 Despoina Perrea
A1 Constantinos Pantos
A1 Nicholas Katsilambros
A1 Stephen R Bloom
A1 Carel Wynard le Roux
YR 2014
UL http://drc.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000013.abstract
AB Background Slow spaced eating is associated with improved satiety and gut hormone responses in normal-weight participants. This crossover study compared the effect of slow and rapid eating patterns on hunger, fullness, glucose, insulin, and the appetite-related gut hormones peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin in overweight and obese participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 20 overweight and obese participants with T2DM on metformin were recruited. A test meal of 300 mL ice-cream was consumed in random order in two different sessions by each participant; meal duration was 5 or 30 min. Fullness and hunger as assessed by visual analog scales (VAS), and glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin were measured at baseline and at 30 min intervals after meal termination for 3 h. Results Fullness VAS ratings were significantly higher at the 90’, 120’, 150’, and 180’ time points and hunger ratings were lower at 90’, 150’, and 180’ for the 30 min meal. The area under the curve (AUC) for fullness was higher after the 30 min meal than after the 5 min meal (11 943.7±541.2 vs 10 901.0±568.8 mm min, p=0.003) whereas the hunger AUC was lower (4442.9±328 vs 4966.7±347.5 mm min, p=0.012). There were no differences in glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin responses. Conclusions Slow spaced eating increased fullness and decreased hunger ratings in overweight and obese participants with T2DM, without the improvement in gut hormone responses found in normal-weight participants. Slow spaced eating may be a useful prevention strategy, but might also help curb food intake in those already suffering from obesity and diabetes.