RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Effectiveness of a structured educational intervention using psychological delivery methods in children and adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of the CASCADE intervention
JF BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
JO BMJ Open Diab Res Care
FD American Diabetes Association
SP e000165
DO 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000165
VO 4
IS 1
A1 Christie, Deborah
A1 Thompson, Rebecca
A1 Sawtell, Mary
A1 Allen, Elizabeth
A1 Cairns, John
A1 Smith, Felicity
A1 Jamieson, Elizabeth
A1 Hargreaves, Katrina
A1 Ingold, Anne
A1 Brooks, Lucy
A1 Wiggins, Meg
A1 Oliver, Sandy
A1 Jones, Rebecca
A1 Elbourne, Diana
A1 Santos, Andreia
A1 Wong, Ian C K
A1 O'Neil, Simon
A1 Strange, Vicki
A1 Hindmarsh, Peter
A1 Annan, Francesca
A1 Viner, Russell M
YR 2016
UL http://drc.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000165.abstract
AB Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide with a particular increase in children <5 years. Fewer than 1 in 6 children and adolescents achieve recommended glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values.Methods A pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of a clinic-based structured educational group incorporating psychological approaches to improve long-term glycemic control, quality of life and psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents with T1D. 28 pediatric diabetes services were randomized to deliver the intervention or standard care. 362 children (8–16 years) with HbA1c≥8.5% were recruited. Outcomes were HbA1c at 12 and 24 months, hypoglycemia, admissions, self-management skills, intervention compliance, emotional and behavioral adjustment, and quality of life. A process evaluation collected data from key stakeholder groups in order to evaluate the feasibility of delivering the intervention.Results 298/362 patients (82.3%) provided HbA1c at 12 months and 284/362 (78.5%) at 24 months. The intervention did not improve HbA1c at 12 months (intervention effect 0.11, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.50, p=0.584), or 24 months (intervention effect 0.03, 95% CI −0.36 to 0.41, p=0.891). There were no significant changes in remaining outcomes. 96/180 (53%) families in the intervention arm attended at least 1 module. The number of modules attended did not affect outcome. Reasons for low uptake included difficulties organizing groups and work and school commitments. Those with highest HbA1cs were less likely to attend. Mean cost of the intervention was £683 per child.Conclusions Significant challenges in the delivery of a structured education intervention using psychological techniques to enhance engagement and behavior change delivered by diabetes nurses and dietitians in routine clinical practice were found. The intervention did not improve HbA1c in children and adolescents with poor control.Trial registration number ISRCTN52537669, results.