RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Diabetes as an increasingly common comorbidity among patient hospitalizations for tuberculosis in the USA JF BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care JO BMJ Open Diab Res Care FD American Diabetes Association SP e000268 DO 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000268 VO 4 IS 1 A1 Roula S Zahr A1 Ryan A Peterson A1 Linnea A Polgreen A1 Joseph E Cavanaugh A1 Douglas B Hornick A1 Kevin L Winthrop A1 Philip M Polgreen YR 2016 UL http://drc.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000268.abstract AB Objective Diabetes is a risk factor for active tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this paper was to estimate the risk of hospitalization for TB with and without a secondary diagnosis of diabetes in groups with different ethnic backgrounds.Research design and methods We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2011, identifying all patients with a primary diagnosis of TB and/or a secondary diagnosis of diabetes (type 1 or type 2) or HIV. Next, we performed logistic regression to investigate the association of diabetes status, HIV status, and race (and the interaction of diabetes and race) with the risk of hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of TB. We also included a time covariate, to determine whether potential risk factors changed during the study period.Results Controlling for HIV status, diabetes did not increase the odds of TB in white and black patients. However, in Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander patients, diabetes increased the odds of TB by a factor of 1.7 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.83). Asian/Pacific Islanders who had diabetes but not HIV experienced 26.4 (95% CI 23.1 to 30.1) times the odds of TB relative to the white males without diabetes or HIV. In addition, the percent of TB cases that belong to these high-risk groups (Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic diabetics) has more than doubled from 4.6% in 1998 to 9.6% in 2011.Conclusions In specific demographic groups, diabetes was a strong risk factor for hospital admissions for TB.