@article {Biane000720, author = {Xiaohui Bian and Tom{\'a}s P Griffin and Xiangyang Zhu and Md Nahidul Islam and Sabena M Conley and Alfonso Eirin and Hui Tang and Paula M O{\textquoteright}Shea and Allyson K Palmer and Rozalina G McCoy and Sandra M Herrmann and Ramila A Mehta and John R Woollard and Andrew D Rule and James L Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia and Stephen C Textor and Matthew D Griffin and Lilach O Lerman and LaTonya J Hickson}, title = {Senescence marker activin A is increased in human diabetic kidney disease: association with kidney function and potential implications for therapy}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {e000720}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000720}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Objective Activin A, an inflammatory mediator implicated in cellular senescence-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and profibrotic kidney injury, may become a new target for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and chronic kidney diseases. We tested the hypothesis that human DKD-related injury leads to upregulation of activin A in blood and urine and in a human kidney cell model. We further hypothesized that circulating activin A parallels kidney injury markers in DKD.Research design and methods In two adult diabetes cohorts and controls (Minnesota, USA; Galway, Ireland), the relationships between plasma (or urine) activin A, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and DKD injury biomarkers were tested with logistic regression and correlation coefficients. Activin A, inflammatory, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and senescence markers were assayed in human kidney (HK-2) cells incubated in high glucose plus transforming growth factor-β1 or albumin.Results Plasma activin A levels were elevated in diabetes (n=206) compared with controls (n=76; 418.1 vs 259.3 pg/mL; p\<0.001) and correlated inversely with eGFR (rs=-0.61; p\<0.001; diabetes). After eGFR adjustment, only albuminuria (OR 1.56, 95\% CI 1.16 to 2.09) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (OR 6.40, 95\% CI 1.08 to 38.00) associated with the highest activin tertile. Albuminuria also related to urinary activin (rs=0.65; p\<0.001). Following in vitro HK-2 injury, activin, inflammatory, EMT genes and supernatant activin levels were increased.Conclusions Circulating activin A is increased in human DKD and correlates with reduced kidney function and kidney injury markers. DKD-injured human renal tubule cells develop a profibrotic and inflammatory phenotype with activin A upregulation. These findings underscore the role of inflammation and provide a basis for further exploration of activin A as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in DKD.}, URL = {https://drc.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000720}, eprint = {https://drc.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000720.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care} }