PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ida Bøgh Andersen
AU  - Claus Lohman Brasen
AU  - Hashmatullah Nasimi
AU  - Maria Stougård
AU  - Mette Bliddal
AU  - Anders Green
AU  - Anne Schmedes
AU  - Ivan Brandslund
AU  - Jonna Skov Madsen
TI  - Serum vitamin K<sub>1</sub> associated to microangiopathy and/or macroangiopathy in individuals with and without diabetes
AID  - 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000961
DP  - 2020 Mar 01
TA  - BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
PG  - e000961
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
4099  - http://drc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000961.short
4100  - http://drc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000961.full
SO  - BMJ Open Diab Res Care2020 Mar 01; 8
AB  - Objective Vitamin K has proposed beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. We investigated whether serum vitamin K1 was associated with prevalence of microangiopathy and/or macroangiopathy.Research design and methods Serum vitamin K was quantified in 3239 individuals with and 3808 without diabetes enrolled in Vejle Diabetes Biobank (2007–2010). Each individual was assessed for microangiography and macroangiopathy at enrollment based on registered diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry according to the International Classification of Disease 8 (1977–1993) and 10 (since 1994). Using multinomial logistic regression, relative risk ratios (RRRs) were calculated within each group of individuals with and without diabetes. RRRs were estimated for microangiopathic/macroangiopathic status compared with individuals without complications as a function of 1 nmol/L increments in K1. Adjustment for potential confounders was also performed.Results Vitamin K1 (median) varied 0.86–0.95 nmol/L depending on diabetes, microangiopathic and macroangiopathic status. In individuals with diabetes, the crude RRR for only having microangiopathy was 1.05 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.12) and was found significant when adjusting 1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.19). RRR for having only macroangiopathy was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.03) and was again significant when adjusting 0.79 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96). In individuals without diabetes, adjustments again led to similar estimates that was not significant. The adjusted RRR for having only macroangiopathy was 1.08 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.19).Conclusions Serum vitamin K1 levels were associated with microangiopathic and macroangiopathic status in individuals with diabetes, but considered of no clinical relevance. The clinical value of other candidate markers for vitamin K status needs to be evaluated in future studies.