@article {Bhavadharinie000826, author = {Balaji Bhavadharini and Mahshid Dehghan and Andrew Mente and Sumathy Rangarajan and Patrick Sheridan and Viswanathan Mohan and Romaina Iqbal and Rajeev Gupta and Scott Lear and Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen and Alvaro Avezum and Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo and Prem Mony and Ravi Prasad Varma and Rajesh Kumar and Jephat Chifamba and Khalid F Alhabib and Noushin Mohammadifard and Aytekin Oguz and Fernando Lanas and Dorota Rozanska and Kristina Bengtsson Bostrom and Khalid Yusoff and Lungiswa P Tsolkile and Antonio Dans and Afzalhussein Yusufali and Andres Orlandini and Paul Poirier and Rasha Khatib and Bo Hu and Li Wei and Lu Yin and Ai Deeraili and Karen Yeates and Rita Yusuf and Noorhassim Ismail and Dariush Mozaffarian and Koon Teo and Sonia S Anand and Salim Yusuf}, title = {Association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes in 147 812 individuals from 21 countries}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {e000826}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000826}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Objective Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.Methods The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In the cross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). For the prospective analyses, we examined the association of dairy with incident hypertension (in 57 547 individuals free of hypertension) and diabetes (in 131 481 individuals free of diabetes).Results In cross-sectional analysis, higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day compared with zero intake; OR 0.76, 95\% CI 0.71 to 0.80, p-trend\<0.0001) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS after multivariable adjustment. Higher intakes of whole fat dairy consumed alone (OR 0.72, 95\% CI 0.66 to 0.78, p-trend\<0.0001), or consumed jointly with low fat dairy (OR 0.89, 95\% CI 0.80 to 0.98, p-trend=0.0005), were associated with a lower MetS prevalence. Low fat dairy consumed alone was not associated with MetS (OR 1.03, 95\% CI 0.77 to 1.38, p-trend=0.13). In prospective analysis, 13 640 people with incident hypertension and 5351 people with incident diabetes were recorded. Higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day vs zero serving/day) was associated with a lower incidence of hypertension (HR 0.89, 95\% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p-trend=0.02) and diabetes (HR 0.88, 95\% CI 0.76 to 1.02, p-trend=0.01). Directionally similar associations were found for whole fat dairy versus each outcome.Conclusions Higher intake of whole fat (but not low fat) dairy was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS and most of its component factors, and with a lower incidence of hypertension and diabetes. Our findings should be evaluated in large randomized trials of the effects of whole fat dairy on the risks of MetS, hypertension, and diabetes.}, URL = {https://drc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000826}, eprint = {https://drc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000826.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care} }