Mixed linear models exploring differences in grip strength among persons without history of diabetes by baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 h glucose (2HG) levels*
| Model 1† | Model 2† | Model 3† | Model 4† | Model 5† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||||
| FPG | |||||
| Grip strength (kg) per 1 SD increase (mg/dL)‡ | −0.15±0.30 | −0.22±0.23 | −0.20±0.24 | −0.43±0.22 | −0.44±0.22 |
| p Value | 0.61 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.045 | 0.049 |
| 2HG | |||||
| Grip strength (kg) per 1 SD increase (mg/dL)§ | −1.68±0.33 | −0.31±0.28 | −0.29±0.28 | −0.42±0.25 | −0.39±0.25 |
| p Value | <0.0001 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.13 |
| Women | |||||
| FPG | |||||
| Grip strength (kg) per 1 SD increase (mg/dL)¶ | −0.26±0.16 | 0.06±0.13 | 0.06±0.13 | 0.02±0.12 | −0.02±0.12 |
| p Value | 0.11 | 0.066 | 0.67 | 0.89 | 0.90 |
| 2HG | |||||
| Grip strength (kg) per 1 SD increase (mg/dL)** | −0.86±0.17 | −0.15±0.15 | −0.15±0.15 | −0.23±0.14 | −0.20±0.14 |
| p Value | <0.0001 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.14 |
*Means±SE shown.
†Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age. Model 3: adjusted for age and education. Model 4: adjusted for variables in model 2 and height and weight. Model 5: adjusted for variables in model 3 and peripheral neuropathy, physical activity, and presence of individual comorbidities.
‡FPG SD for men=17 mg/dL.
§2HG SD for men=50 mg/dL.
¶FPG SD for women=16 mg/dL.
**2HG SD for women=45 mg/dL.