Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients who had type 2 diabetes, completed preRamadan and postRamadan surveys, and fasted ≥2 days during Ramadan 2014, stratified by control and intervention group

CharacteristicTotal populationControl groupIntervention groupp Value
N774259515
Age (years) (missing=34)48±1051±1047±10<0.0001
Sex (missing=3)0.9268
 Male315 (41%)106 (41%)209 (41%)
 Female456 (59%)152 (59%)304 (59%)
Education
 Male0.2154
  Illiterate11 (3%)7 (7%)4 (2%)
  Less than high school95 (30%)32 (30%)63 (30%)
  High school graduate109 (34%)35 (33%)72 (34%)
  Associates degree or higher102 (32%)32 (30%)70 (33%)
 Female (missing=1)0.0323
  Illiterate38 (8%)20 (13%)18 (6%)
  Less than high school127 (28%)46 (30%)81 (27%)
  High school graduate171 (38%)49 (32%)122 (40%)
  Associates degree or higher119 (26%)37 (24%)82 (27%)
Occupation
 Male (missing=14)0.1783
  Employed indoors111 (37%)34 (33%)77 (39%)
  Employed out-of-doors115 (38%)36 (35%)79 (40%)
  Homemaker or not employed75 (25%)32 (31%)43 (22%)
 Female (missing=15)0.7127
  Employed indoors145 (33%)48 (32%)97 (33%)
  Employed out-of-doors137 (31%)43 (29%)94 (32%)
  Homemaker or not employed159 (36%)57 (39%)102 (35%)
Duration of diabetes (years) (missing=8)9±510±69±40.0722
Current treatment for diabetes (missing=5)0.1669
 Diet and exercise only3 (1%)2 (1%)1 (0%)
 Oral medications (±non-insulin injectable)434 (56%)154 (60%)280 (55%)
 Oral medications (±non-insulin injectable) and insulin192 (25%)64 (25%)128 (25%)
 Insulin only140 (18%)38 (15%)102 (20%)
Provider seen for diabetes management (missing=45)0.3686
 Primary care physician192 (26%)60 (24%)132 (28%)
 Endocrinologist526 (72%)190 (75%)336 (71%)
 Other7 (1%)1 (0%)6 (1%)
 None4 (1%)2 (1%)2 (0%)
Who usually provides advice to you regarding fasting? (missing=20)<0.0001
 Physician and Religious and family/friends221 (29%)61 (24%)160 (32%)
 Physician and Religious authority only180 (24%)46 (18%)134 (27%)
 Physician only154 (20%)49 (20%)105 (21%)
 No one119 (16%)73 (29%)46 (9%)
 Physician and family/friends59 (8%)14 (6%)45 (9%)
 Religious authority and family/friends9 (1%)2 (1%)7 (1%)
 Religious authority only7 (1%)3 (1%)4 (1%)
 Family and friends only5 (1%)2 (1%)3 (1%)
Usually receive diabetes education…
 Before Ramadan? (missing=51)0.7634
  Yes103 (14%)33 (14%)70 (15%)
  No620 (86%)208 (86%)412 (85%)
 During Ramadan? (missing=57)0.0068
  Yes130 (18%)30 (13%)100 (21%)
  No587 (82%)208 (87%)379 (79%)
  • Data are expressed as mean±SD or N (per cent).