The study participants’ demographic and clinical data at the baseline and end point
| Baseline (2003–2004) | End point (2012–2013) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.7±13.6 | – | – |
| Gender (M/F) | 157/193 | – | – |
| Duration (years) | 11.8±7.8 | – | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5±5.0 | 25.5±5.0 | 0.802 |
| WC (cm) | 91.9±13.9 | 91.9±13.6 | 0.983 |
| UpH | 6.0±0.8 | 6.2±2.6 | 0.201 |
| PG (mg/dL) | 129.0±48.0 | 119.4±19.2 | 0.734 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.9±1.1 | 6.5±0.5 | 0.0042 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 134.5±18.6 | 128.0±10.9 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 80.1±10.3 | 76.4±7.2 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73.0±14.1 | 70.4±8.5 | <0.0001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 188.3±34.5 | 192.8±25.7 | 0.257 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 120.6±70.2 | 114.8±52.1 | 0.583 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 55.7±15.8 | 57.5±15.3 | 0.019 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 19.6±9.9 | 25.5±16.7 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 72.7±19.8 | 55.5±16.2 | <0.0001 |
| ACR (mg/g Cre) | 24.8 (0.0–4735.6) | 55.1 (3.8–4999.5) | <0.0001 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 6.2±1.7 | 6.5±1.4 | 0.046 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.6±22.6 | 26.9±15.2 | <0.0001 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.2±16.0 | 25.7±9.6 | <0.0001 |
| K+ (mEq/L) | 4.4±0.5 | 4.5±0.5 | 0.676 |
| Na+ (mEq/L) | 140.8±2.3 | 139.9±2.6 | 0.0142 |
| Cl− (mEq/L) | 103.6±3.2 | 105.4±4.6 | 0.0002 |
| TP (g/dL) | 7.2±0.5 | 7.1±0.3 | 0.0018 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.8±1.7 | 13.1±1.3 | 0.0030 |
| Plt (104/μL) | 22.5±6.6 | 18.0±10.7 | 0.0003 |
| WCC (103/μL) | 6.2±1.8 | 6.1±1.5 | 0.241 |
| PWV (cm/s) | 1573.5±718.7 | 1612.3±423.2 | 0.283 |
| ABI | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.2 | 0.211 |
| IMT (mm) | 0.7±0.3 | 1.3±1.1 | <0.0001 |
| 8-OHdG (ng/mg Cre) | 9.7±4.5 | – |
8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; ABI, ankle brachial index; ACR, albumin–creatinine ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; F, female; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IMT, intima-media thickness; M, male; PG, plasma glucose concentration; Plt, platelet; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, serum total cholesterol; TG, serum triglycerides; TP, total protein; UA, uric acid; UpH, urinary pH; WC, waist circumference; WCC, white cell count.